Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Describe how transposable elements alter the genome
Transposable element also known as the jumping gene is a DNA sequence that is capable to change its position in the genome. They are present in almost every gene and in normal conditions result in duplication of the same genetic material.
Transposons can cause gene alteration by causing mutation or increase or decrease in the amount of DNA in the genome. The transposons either follow the cut and paste mechanism in which the transposon gets cut from its location and gets attached to the new location or they follow the copy and paste mechanism in which the RNA is copied and the is reverse transcribed into DNA and gets attached to the new location. In both cases, the new location of the genome gets a new set or altered set of the DNA sequences which results in the alteration of the gene or the old location loses the sequence of DNA which changes its length and alters if functioning.
Thus, by these mechanism transposons or transposable elements alters the genome.
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