Degrees of Freedom 0.995 0.99 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 1 - - 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597 3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838 4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860 5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.071 12.833 15.086 16.750 6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548 7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278 8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955 9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589 10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188 Conduct the hypothesis test and provide the test statistic and the critical value, and state the conclusion. A company claims that its packages of 100 candies are distributed with the following color percentages: 12% red, 18% orange, 15% yellow, 12% brown, 25% blue, and 18% green. Use the given sample data to test the claim that the color distribution is as claimed. Use a 0.025 significance level. Candy Counts Color Number in Package Red 13 Orange 26 Yellow 7 Brown 6 Blue 27 Green 21
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
|
Degrees of Freedom
|
0.995
|
0.99
|
0.975
|
0.95
|
0.90
|
0.10
|
0.05
|
0.025
|
0.01
|
0.005
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
0.001
|
0.004
|
0.016
|
2.706
|
3.841
|
5.024
|
6.635
|
7.879
|
|
2
|
0.010
|
0.020
|
0.051
|
0.103
|
0.211
|
4.605
|
5.991
|
7.378
|
9.210
|
10.597
|
|
3
|
0.072
|
0.115
|
0.216
|
0.352
|
0.584
|
6.251
|
7.815
|
9.348
|
11.345
|
12.838
|
|
4
|
0.207
|
0.297
|
0.484
|
0.711
|
1.064
|
7.779
|
9.488
|
11.143
|
13.277
|
14.860
|
|
5
|
0.412
|
0.554
|
0.831
|
1.145
|
1.610
|
9.236
|
11.071
|
12.833
|
15.086
|
16.750
|
|
6
|
0.676
|
0.872
|
1.237
|
1.635
|
2.204
|
10.645
|
12.592
|
14.449
|
16.812
|
18.548
|
|
7
|
0.989
|
1.239
|
1.690
|
2.167
|
2.833
|
12.017
|
14.067
|
16.013
|
18.475
|
20.278
|
|
8
|
1.344
|
1.646
|
2.180
|
2.733
|
3.490
|
13.362
|
15.507
|
17.535
|
20.090
|
21.955
|
|
9
|
1.735
|
2.088
|
2.700
|
3.325
|
4.168
|
14.684
|
16.919
|
19.023
|
21.666
|
23.589
|
|
10
|
2.156
|
2.558
|
3.247
|
3.940
|
4.865
|
15.987
|
18.307
|
20.483
|
23.209
|
25.188
|
Conduct the hypothesis test and provide the test statistic and the critical value, and state the conclusion.
A company claims that its packages of 100 candies are distributed with the following color percentages:
12% red,
18% orange,
15% yellow,
12% brown,
25% blue, and
18% green. Use the given sample data to test the claim that the color distribution is as claimed. Use a
0.025 significance level.
Candy Counts
|
Color |
Number in Package |
|
|
Red |
13 |
|
|
Orange |
26 |
|
|
Yellow |
7 |
|
|
Brown |
6 |
|
|
Blue |
27 |
|
|
Green |
21 |
|
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