Answered: Definitions of phenotype, genotype,…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution - Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. - Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) - Know that evolution isn’t progressive and doesn’t necessarily lead to more complexity - Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection) - Know that quantitative traits are generally influenced by (i) many genes, each having a small effect on the trait value; and (ii) the environment - What is F1 like when you cross 2 homozygotic lines of peas of different colors? - What is F2 like when you cross F1 individuals (remember what 9:3:3:1 is about) - Know what genetic dominance is about - Definitions of chromosome, nucleus, mitosis, meiosis, crossing over - How many chromosomes in humans? How many pairs of chromosomes? - Know and apply Hardy-Weinberg’s equation - Why do quantitative traits often have a bell-shaped distribution? - Definition of neutral processes vs natural selection - Effect of all 3 neutral processes on within/between group diversity - Know how population size affects (or not) drift and mutation - Balance between drift and mutation - Effect of geographic distance on genetic differentiation - Know the Kingdom, Class, Order, Family and Genus of Homo sapiens - Who were Wallace and Darwin? - Be able to explain natural selection (what 3 conditions need to be met for natural selection to occur?) - Direct, stabilizing, balancing selection - Define evolutionary constraints - Define the founder effect - Define sexual selection - Bateman’s principle. Why are females the “ecological” sex? - Intersexual vs. intrasexual selection - Sperm competition - Why are females choosy? What are the possible direct and indirect benefits of choosing a male vs another one? - How does sexual selection influence sexual dimorphism (canine and body size) - Know how to apply Hamilton’s rule - What is the coefficient of relatedness, “r”? If r=0.5 between mother and offspring, what is the r value between grandmother and grandchildren? - Know some markers of genetic diversity (microsatellites, SNPs…)

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