Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Define the following terms:
a. eicosanoid
b. omega-6 fatty acid
c. omega-3 fatty acid
d. trans fatty acid
e. acyl group
a. eicosanoid: Eicosanoids are signaling molecules formed by oxidative metabolism of 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, most commonly arachidonic acid. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and lipoxins. Eicosanoids either act as autocrine hormones or paracrine hormones.
b. omega-6-fatty acid: omega -6-fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in which the n-6 position contains a carbon-carbon double bond. Omega-6-fatty acids are found in vegetable oils, seeds, eggs and nuts.
c. omega -3 fatty acids: omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid in which the n-3 position contains a carbon carbon double bond. Three important omega-3 fatty acids are -linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid. Common sources of omega-3 fatty acids are flaxseed oil, hemp oil, eggs, edible seeds.
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