Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
Define the following:
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii) Narrow spectrum antibiotics
(iii) Disinfectants
Detergents are the species which shows cleaning action and are called as cleaning agents. These species are made up of synthetic material such as hydrocarbons, petroleum fraction and coal. In terms of chemistry, detergents are the sodium salts of sulphonic acids and also a class of surfactants which tends to reduce the surface tension of water and makes it difficult to bind with water but with dirt particles (such as grease and oil).
Cationic detergents are known synthetic detergents which constitute quaternary ammonium salts of acetates, bromides and chlorides. cationic detergents are cationic because they have a long hydrocarbon chain attached with nitrogen having a positive charge. cationic detergents are also defined as those detergents whose cationic part participates in cleaning action and is the large part of the detergent molecule.
e.g. CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide).
A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is defined as the type of antibiotic which kills or inhibits either the gram-positive or the gram-negative of the bacteria and works in a narrow spectrum range, i.e they work only on very few known bacterias.
e.g. Penicillin G
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