Define rumen-reticulum devices and highlight the two drug-delivery design innovations that have been implanted to avoid their regurgitation Define siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers. Outline, using an appropriate diagram, the mechanisms of action of each of above- mentioned strategies in aborting protein synthesis.
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- 27. In the context of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) therapy for leukemia, which statement about thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) levels is correct? A) High TPMT levels are associated with increased sensitivity to 6-MP and higher risk of adverse reactions. B) Low TPMT levels are associated with increased sensitivity to 6-MP and higher risk of adverse reactions C) High TPMT levels result in reduced metabolism of 6-MP, leading to decreased therapeutic efficacy D) Low TPMT levels result in increased metabolism of 6-MP, leading to excessive drug accumulation and toxicity.(c) Molnupiravir has not been approved but has been authorized for emergency use by the FDA under an EUA to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Briefly explain this decision made by FDA based on the knowledge of clinical trials. (d) Both drugs are not allowed to be prescribed to person under 18 years old due to insufficient clinical data. Why is it necessary to separately conduct clinical trials for a younger age group?), create a simple flowchart depicting the MC1R pathway. There should be a minimum of five steps in the pathway. Be sure to include reception (protein binding to its ligand), a portion of the transduction pathway (what’s the intracellular reaction? What molecule works intracellularly?), and the cellular response (What’s produced from the cell?).
- Explain the signifi cance of the observation that peptides such as fMet-Leu-Phe “activate” the phagocytotic (particle-engulfi ng) functions of mammalian leukocytes (white blood cells).Microtubule stabilisers may be used as anticanceragents. Propose a set of four molecules from the literature that can be overlaid to give a commonpharmacophore. Label the key structural featuresthat indicate some similarity between themolecules.present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of this enzyme.
- c) pien Nutriceutical Give examples of medications prescribed in alternative medicine. Is it necessary to take precautions in the use of Such medicines? Explain. What natural products are being explored as prospective protection or treatment against Covid-19? Elaborate on each very briefly why they are considered as such. Corabreeb. Cleavage with chymotrypsin produces the following fragments: Band A: CN , NLQY, GIVEQCCHKRSEY Band B: F, Y, DPTKM, IACCVRGF, RTTGHLCGKDLVNALY Cleavage with Staphilococcus aureus V8 protease produces the following fragments: Band A: GIVE, YNLQNYCN, QCCHKRCSE Band B: PTKM, RTTGHLCGKD, LVNALYIACGVRGFFYD What is the amino acid sequence of the protein? Type your response1. Write the sequences of peptides that would be released from the following peptide by the treatment of trypsin? Heptadecapeptide Cortistatin DRMPCRNFFWKTFSSCK
- 1. a)how is it possible for such drugs to selectively kill bacterial cells and not our own cells? b)Provide an example of post-translational regulation of protein activity and explain the advantage of regulating each protein/process at the post-translational level instead of the transcriptional level.43. The drug vincristine, which prevents polymerization of tubulin, is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for a number of cancers. Its main mechanism of action in this context would be _______________in the cancer cells. a) blocking cell division by interfering with mitotic spindle formation b) disruption of cell shape or polarity c) disrupting cell function via abnormal localization of organelles d) a and c e) a, b and cWhich antiretroviral drug class does Zidovudine (AZT) belong to? a) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) b) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) c) Protease inhibitors d) Integrase inhibitors