Answered: Define normality (i.e., equivalent ion…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Define normality (i.e., equivalent ion concentrations) for acids and bases, and the relationship between units of normality and molarity.

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Step 1

$N o r m a l i t y (N) i s d e f i n e d a s t h e n u m b e r o f m o l e e q u i v a l e n t s p e r l i t e r o f s o l u t i o n : n o r m a l i t y = \frac{n u m b e r o f m o l e e q u i v a l e n t s}{1 L o f s o l u t i o n} . L i k e m o l a r i t y, n o r m a l i t y r e l a t e s t h e a m o u n t o f s o l u t e t o t h e t o t a l v o l u m e o f s o l u t i o n N o r m a l i t y i s s p e c i f i c a l l y u s e d f o r a c i d s a n d b a s e s .$

$T o f i n d t h e n o r m a l i t y o f a c i d s : N o r m a l i t y = M o l a r i t y \times B a s i c i t y B a s i c i t y o f a c i d i s d e f i n e d a s t h e n o . o f H^{+} i o n s i t c a n d o n a t e E . g; = H C l h a s a b a s i c i t y 1 H_{2} S O_{4} h a s a b a s i c i t y 2 T o f i n d t h e n o r m a l i t y o f b a s e : N o r m a l i t y = M o l a r i t y \times A c i d i t y A c i d i t y o f a b a s e i s d e f i n e d a s t h e n o . o f O H^{-} i o n s i t c a n d o n a t e E . g; = N a O H h a s a n a c i d i t y o f 1 . C a {(O H)}_{2} h a s a n a c i d i t y o f 2 .$

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