Define about missense mutation ?
Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
Define about missense mutation ?
Mutations are changes in the DNA base sequence of any genome. Mutations can be caused naturally due to DNA replication errors or can be caused by ionizing radiation or chemicals such as mutagens. The DNA repair machinery monitors the DNA damage/mutation and tries to correct them; if not, they signal the cell to die.
There are three categories of mutations in DNA:
- DNA base substitutions
- Insertions
- Deletions
DNA base substitution is a type of mutation in which a DNA base is changed/replaced by another base resulting in the same or different amino acid in the protein sequence. Sometimes the base substitution may lead to a halt in protein synthesis due to change into a stop codon.
A missense mutation is a type of DNA base substitution mutation. A single change in the DNA base sequence leads to the incorporation of a different amino acid resulting in a protein with a wrong sequence. Sickel cell anemia is caused due to a missense mutation where GAG is changed to GTG, leading to a single main acid change in the beta-globin gene from glutamic acid to valine.
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