d. Compute the under- or overapplied overhead for the St. Cloud plant for the year. (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)
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Variance Analysis
In layman's terms, variance analysis is an analysis of a difference between planned and actual behavior. Variance analysis is mainly used by the companies to maintain a control over a business. After analyzing differences, companies find the reasons for the variance so that the necessary steps should be taken to correct that variance.
Standard Costing
The standard cost system is the expected cost per unit product manufactured and it helps in estimating the deviations and controlling them as well as fixing the selling price of the product. For example, it helps to plan the cost for the coming year on the various expenses.
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- Douglas Davis, controller for Marston, Inc., prepared the following budget for manufacturing costs at two different levels of activity for 20X1: During 20X1, Marston worked a total of 80,000 direct labor hours, used 250,000 machine hours, made 32,000 moves, and performed 120 batch inspections. The following actual costs were incurred: Marston applies overhead using rates based on direct labor hours, machine hours, number of moves, and number of batches. The second level of activity (the right column in the preceding table) is the practical level of activity (the available activity for resources acquired in advance of usage) and is used to compute predetermined overhead pool rates. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for Marstons manufacturing costs in the current year. 2. Assume that one of the products produced by Marston is budgeted to use 10,000 direct labor hours, 15,000 machine hours, and 500 moves and will be produced in five batches. A total of 10,000 units will be produced during the year. Calculate the budgeted unit manufacturing cost. 3. One of Marstons managers said the following: Budgeting at the activity level makes a lot of sense. It really helps us manage costs better. But the previous budget really needs to provide more detailed information. For example, I know that the moving materials activity involves the use of forklifts and operators, and this information is lost when only the total cost of the activity for various levels of output is reported. We have four forklifts, each capable of providing 10,000 moves per year. We lease these forklifts for five years, at 10,000 per year. Furthermore, for our two shifts, we need up to eight operators if we run all four forklifts. Each operator is paid a salary of 30,000 per year. Also, I know that fuel costs about 0.25 per move. Assuming that these are the only three items, expand the detail of the flexible budget for moving materials to reveal the cost of these three resource items for 20,000 moves and 40,000 moves, respectively. Based on these comments, explain how this additional information can help Marston better manage its costs. (Especially consider how activity-based budgeting may provide useful information for non-value-added activities.)Johnston Company cleans and applies powder coat paint to metal items on a job-order basis. Johnston has budgeted the following amounts for various overhead categories in the coming year. In the coming year, Johnston expects to powder coat 120,000 units. Each unit takes 1.3 direct labor hours. Johnston has found that supplies and gas (used to run the drying ovensall units pass through the drying ovens after powder coat paint is applied) tend to vary with the number of units produced. All other overhead categories are considered to be fixed. (Round all overhead rates to the nearest cent.) Required: 1. Calculate the number of direct labor hours Johnston must budget for the coming year. Calculate the variable overhead rate. Calculate the total fixed overhead for the coming year. 2. Prepare an overhead budget for Johnston for the coming year. Show the total variable overhead, total fixed overhead, and total overhead. Calculate the fixed overhead rate and the total overhead rate (rounded to the nearest cent). 3. What if Johnston had expected to make 118,000 units next year? Assume that the variable overhead per unit does not change and the total fixed overhead amounts do not change. Calculate the new budgeted direct labor hours and prepare a new overhead budget. Calculate the fixed overhead rate and the total overhead rate (rounded to the nearest cent).Vargas, Inc., produces industrial machinery. Vargas has a machining department and a group of direct laborers called machinists. Each machinist is paid 25,000 and can machine up to 500 units per year. Vargas also hires supervisors to develop machine specification plans and to oversee production within the machining department. Given the planning and supervisory work, a supervisor can oversee three machinists, at most. Vargass accounting and production history reveal the following relationships between units produced and the costs of direct labor and supervision (measured on an annual basis): Required: 1. Prepare two graphs: one that illustrates the relationship between direct labor cost and units produced, and one that illustrates the relationship between the cost of supervision and units produced. Let cost be the vertical axis and units produced the horizontal axis. 2. How would you classify each cost? Why? 3. Suppose that the normal range of activity is between 2,400 and 2,450 units and that the exact number of machinists is currently hired to support this level of activity. Further suppose that production for the next year is expected to increase by an additional 400 units. How much will the cost of direct labor increase (and how will this increase be realized)? Cost of supervision?
- Rockford Company has four departmental accounts: Building Maintenance, General Factory Overhead, Machining, and Assembly. The direct labor hour method is used to apply factory overhead to the jobs being worked on in Machining and Assembly. The company expects each production department to use 30,000 direct labor hours during the year. The estimated overhead rates for the year include the following: During the year, both Machining and Assembly used 28,000 direct labor hours. Factory overhead costs incurred during the year follow: In determining application rates at the beginning of the year, cost allocations were made as follows, using the sequential distribution method: Building Maintenance to: General Factory Overhead, 10%; Machining, 50%; Assembly, 40%. General factory overhead was distributed according to direct labor hours. Required: Determine the under- or overapplied overhead for each production department. (Hint: First you must distribute the service department costs.)Eclipse Motor Company manufactures two types of specialty electric motors, a commercial motor and a residential motor, through two production departments, Assembly and Testing. Presently, the company uses a single plantwide factory overhead rate for allocating factory overhead to the two products. However, management is considering using the multiple production department factory overhead rate method. The following factory overhead was budgeted for Eclipse: Direct machine hours were estimated as follows: In addition, the direct machine hours (dmh) used to produce a unit of each product in each department were determined from engineering records, as follows: a. Determine the per-unit factory overhead allocated to the commercial and residential motors under the single plantwide factory overhead rate method, using direct machine hours as the allocation base. b. Determine the per-unit factory overhead allocated to the commercial and residential motors under the multiple production department factory overhead rate method, using direct machine hours as the allocation base for each department. c. Recommend to management a product costing approach, based on your analyses in (a) and (b). Support your recommendation.Firenza Company manufactures specialty tools to customer order. Budgeted overhead for the coming year is: Previously, Sanjay Bhatt, Firenza Companys controller, had applied overhead on the basis of machine hours. Expected machine hours for the coming year are 50,000. Sanjay has been reading about activity-based costing, and he wonders whether or not it might offer some advantages to his company. He decided that appropriate drivers for overhead activities are purchase orders for purchasing, number of setups for setup cost, engineering hours for engineering cost, and machine hours for other. Budgeted amounts for these drivers are 5,000 purchase orders, 500 setups, and 2,500 engineering hours. Sanjay has been asked to prepare bids for two jobs with the following information: The typical bid price includes a 40 percent markup over full manufacturing cost. Required: 1. Calculate a plantwide rate for Firenza Company based on machine hours. What is the bid price of each job using this rate? 2. Calculate activity rates for the four overhead activities. What is the bid price of each job using these rates? 3. Which bids are more accurate? Why?
- Minor Co. has a job order cost system and applies overhead based on departmental rates. Service Department 1 has total budgeted costs of 168,000 for next year. Service Department 2 has total budgeted costs of 280,000 for next year. Minor allocates service department costs solely to the producing departments. Service Department 1 cost is allocated to producing departments on the basis of machine hours. Service Department 2 cost is allocated to producing departments on the basis of direct labor hours. Producing Department 1 has budgeted 8,000 machine hours and 12,000 direct labor hours. Producing Department 2 has budgeted 2,000 machine hours and 12,000 direct labor hours. What is the total cost allocation from the two service departments to Producing Department 1? a. 173,600 b. 140,000 c. 134,400 d. 274,400John Sheng, a cost accountant at Starlet Company, is developing departmental factory overhead application rates for the companys Tooling and Fabricating departments. The budgeted overhead for each department and the data for one job are as follows: Using the departmental overhead application rates, total overhead applied to Job 231 in the Tooling and Fabricating departments will be: a. 225. b. 303. c. 537. d. 671.Big Mikes, a large hardware store, has gathered data on its overhead activities and associated costs for the past 10 months. Nizam Sanjay, a member of the controllers department, believes that overhead activities and costs should be classified into groups that have the same driver. He has decided that unloading incoming goods, counting goods, and inspecting goods can be grouped together as a more general receiving activity, since these three activities are all driven by the number of receiving orders. The 10 months of data shown below have been gathered for the receiving activity. Required: 1. Prepare a scattergraph, plotting the receiving costs against the number of purchase orders. Use the vertical axis for costs and the horizontal axis for orders. 2. Select two points that make the best fit, and compute a cost formula for receiving costs. 3. Using the high-low method, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. 4. Using the method of least squares, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. What is the coefficient of determination?
- Varney Corporation, a manufacturer of electronics and communications systems, allocates Computing and Communications Services Department (CCS) costs to profit centers. The following table lists the types of services and cost drivers for each service. The table also includes the budgeted cost and quantity for each service for August. One of the profit centers for Varney Corporation is the Communication Systems (COMM) division. Assume the following information for COMM: COMM has 2,500 employees, of whom 20% are office employees. All of the office employees have been issued a smartphone, and 95% of them have a computer on the network. One hundred percent of the employees with a computer also have an email account. The average number of help desk calls for August was 0.6 call per individual with a computer. There are 400 additional printers, servers, and peripherals on the network beyond the personal computers. a. Compute the service allocation rate for each of CCSs services for August. b. Compute the allocation of CCSs services to COMM for August.Calen Company manufactures and sells three products in a factory of three departments. Both labor and machine time are applied to the products as they pass through each department. The nature of the machine processing and of the labor skills required in each department is such that neither machines nor labor can be switched from one department to another. Calens management is attempting to plan its production schedule for the next several months. The planning is complicated by the fact that labor shortages exist in the community and some machines will be down several months for repairs. Following is information regarding available machine and labor time by department and the machine hours and direct labor hours required per unit of product. These data should be valid for at least the next six months. Calen believes that the monthly demand for the next six months will be as follows: Inventory levels will not be increased or decreased during the next six months. The unit cost and price data for each product are as follows: Required: 1. Calculate the monthly requirement for machine hours and direct labor hours for producing Products 401, 402, and 403 to determine whether or not the factory can meet the monthly sales demand. 2. Determine the quantities of 401, 402, and 403 that should be produced monthly to maximize profits. Prepare a schedule that shows the contribution to profits of your product mix. 3. Assume that the machine hours available in Department 3 are 1,500 instead of 2,700. Calculate the optimal monthly product mix using the graphing approach to linear programming. Prepare a schedule that shows the contribution to profits from this optimal mix. (CMA adapted)The Gilster Company, a machine tooling firm, has several plants. One plant, located in St. Cloud, Minnesota, uses a job order costing system for its batch production processes. The St. Cloud plant has two departments through which most jobs pass. Plant-wide overhead, which includes the plant manager’s salary, accounting personnel, cafeteria, and human resources, is budgeted at $250,000. During the past year, actual plantwide overhead was $230,000. Each department’s overhead consists primarily of depreciation and other machine-related expenses. Selected budgeted and actual data from the St. Cloud plant for the past year are as follows. Department A Department B Budgeted department overhead (excludes plantwide overhead) $ 108,000 $ 329,000 Actual department overhead 120,000 344,000 Expected total activity: Direct labor hours 44,000 10,000 Machine-hours 18,000 47,000 Actual activity:…