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Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Title: Understanding Resonance Structures**

**Exercise: Selecting the Correct Resonance Structure**

**Instruction:**
Choose the resonance structure that results from the arrow pushing scheme shown below.

**Description of the Diagram:**
The diagram illustrates a series of five molecular structures, each representing a potential resonance structure.

1. **Structures Overview:**
   - Each structure is based on a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group (C=O and -OH) attached.
   - The differences among the structures arise from variations in the position of electrons, particularly the location of the bonds and lone pairs associated with the oxygen atom.

2. **Graphical Indicators:**
   - Arrows indicate electron flow, emphasizing changes in electron distribution that lead to different resonance forms.
   - The presence of lone pairs and double bonds, in particular, highlight the differences in electron delocalization for each option.

3. **Objective:**
   - Determine which of these configurations aligns with the electron movement suggested by the provided arrow-pushing mechanism.

**Educational Context:**
This exercise aids in visualizing how electrons can delocalize within molecules, showcasing the concept of resonance in organic chemistry. Understanding these structures is essential for recognizing molecular stability and reactivity.

**Note:**
Select the option that complements the resonance rules, considering electron flow and bond formation or disruption.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Resonance Structures** **Exercise: Selecting the Correct Resonance Structure** **Instruction:** Choose the resonance structure that results from the arrow pushing scheme shown below. **Description of the Diagram:** The diagram illustrates a series of five molecular structures, each representing a potential resonance structure. 1. **Structures Overview:** - Each structure is based on a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group (C=O and -OH) attached. - The differences among the structures arise from variations in the position of electrons, particularly the location of the bonds and lone pairs associated with the oxygen atom. 2. **Graphical Indicators:** - Arrows indicate electron flow, emphasizing changes in electron distribution that lead to different resonance forms. - The presence of lone pairs and double bonds, in particular, highlight the differences in electron delocalization for each option. 3. **Objective:** - Determine which of these configurations aligns with the electron movement suggested by the provided arrow-pushing mechanism. **Educational Context:** This exercise aids in visualizing how electrons can delocalize within molecules, showcasing the concept of resonance in organic chemistry. Understanding these structures is essential for recognizing molecular stability and reactivity. **Note:** Select the option that complements the resonance rules, considering electron flow and bond formation or disruption.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Resonance effect

The polarity induced in a molecule by the interaction of a lone pair of electrons with a pi bond or the interaction of two pi bonds in nearby atoms is known as the resonance effect

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