CVP exercises. The Doral Company manufactures and sells pens. Currently, 5,000,000 units are sold per year at $0.50 per unit. Fixed costs are $900,000 per year. Variable costs are $0.30 per unit. Consider each case separately: What is the current annual operating income? What is the present breakeven point in revenues? Compute the new operating income for each of the following changes: A $0.04 per unit increase in variable costs A 10% increase in fixed costs and a 10% increase in units sold A 20% decrease in fixed costs, a 20% decrease in selling price, a 10% decrease in variable cost per unit, and a 40% increase in units sold Compute the new breakeven point in units for each of the following changes: A 10% increase in fixed costs A 10% increase in selling price and a $20,000 increase in fixed costs
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
CVP exercises. The Doral Company manufactures and sells pens. Currently, 5,000,000 units are sold per year at $0.50 per unit. Fixed costs are $900,000 per year. Variable costs are $0.30 per unit. Consider each case separately:
-
- What is the current annual operating income?
- What is the present breakeven point in revenues? Compute the new operating income for each of the following changes:
- A $0.04 per unit increase in variable costs
- A 10% increase in fixed costs and a 10% increase in units sold
- A 20% decrease in fixed costs, a 20% decrease in selling price, a 10% decrease in variable cost per unit, and a 40% increase in units sold Compute the new breakeven point in units for each of the following changes:
- A 10% increase in fixed costs
- A 10% increase in selling price and a $20,000 increase in fixed costs
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