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Critical Thinking Question (CTQ), alkenes: Br H2 CH CH3 CH3 3-methyl-1-pentene 14. Why is the "I" locant needed in the name of the first compound above? 15. How do you know that this compound has a double bond from its IUPAC name? 16. What functional group class does it belong to? 17. Give the IUPAC names to the remaining four compounds.

Critical Thinking Question (CTQ), alkenes: Br H2 CH CH3 CH3 3-methyl-1-pentene 14. Why is the "I" locant needed in the name of the first compound above? 15. How do you know that this compound has a double bond from its IUPAC name? 16. What functional group class does it belong to? 17. Give the IUPAC names to the remaining four compounds.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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D. Nomenclature of Alkenes: Functional Group = the particular group of atoms in a molecule that primarily determines how the molecule will react. Alkyl halide = a hydrocarbon having at least one halide connected to a carbon atom. Alkene = a hydrocarbon having at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkyne = a hydrocarbon having at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. Alcohol = a hydrocarbon containing an "O-H" functional group connected to a carbon atom that bears no other substituent but alkyl groups. The functional group(s) in a molecule usually determine the classification of that molecule and are indicated by suffixes in the name. The highest priority functional group determines its classification and lower priority functional groups often become substituents, indicated with prefixes. These will be learned slowly over the semester as we study each class of organic compounds. Rules for IUPAC naming: Determine the parent chain (longest continuous chain or ring) of the molecule that includes the functional group of highest priority. Start numbering starting at the appropriate end of the parent chain (so important substituents have the lowest numbers). Number parent chain across a double or triple bond giving the bond lowest numbering unless an -OH group is present. Then it has highest priority and must be given lowest numbering. drop -ane and add +ene for double bonds or +yne for triple bonds (double and triple bonds usually have the same priority, so number them to give the lowest numbering overall). Indicate location by the # of the first atom of the multiple bond or the # of the carbon to which the -OH is attached. Indicate the location and name of substituents as prefixes giving them lowest numbering possible, arrange alphabetically, and prefix with di, tri, tetra, if needed. Halides are named as substituents and have the same priority as alkyl substituents, thus, are numbered and arranged alphabetically. Designate cis or trans or E or Z for double bonds when needed (we will learn this later).
Transcribed Image Text:D. Nomenclature of Alkenes: Functional Group = the particular group of atoms in a molecule that primarily determines how the molecule will react. Alkyl halide = a hydrocarbon having at least one halide connected to a carbon atom. Alkene = a hydrocarbon having at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkyne = a hydrocarbon having at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. Alcohol = a hydrocarbon containing an "O-H" functional group connected to a carbon atom that bears no other substituent but alkyl groups. The functional group(s) in a molecule usually determine the classification of that molecule and are indicated by suffixes in the name. The highest priority functional group determines its classification and lower priority functional groups often become substituents, indicated with prefixes. These will be learned slowly over the semester as we study each class of organic compounds. Rules for IUPAC naming: Determine the parent chain (longest continuous chain or ring) of the molecule that includes the functional group of highest priority. Start numbering starting at the appropriate end of the parent chain (so important substituents have the lowest numbers). Number parent chain across a double or triple bond giving the bond lowest numbering unless an -OH group is present. Then it has highest priority and must be given lowest numbering. drop -ane and add +ene for double bonds or +yne for triple bonds (double and triple bonds usually have the same priority, so number them to give the lowest numbering overall). Indicate location by the # of the first atom of the multiple bond or the # of the carbon to which the -OH is attached. Indicate the location and name of substituents as prefixes giving them lowest numbering possible, arrange alphabetically, and prefix with di, tri, tetra, if needed. Halides are named as substituents and have the same priority as alkyl substituents, thus, are numbered and arranged alphabetically. Designate cis or trans or E or Z for double bonds when needed (we will learn this later).
Number cyclic cmpds so that Cl and C2 include the multiple bond if a double or triple bond is present. If an -OH group is present, then start numbering at the C bearing the OH and give the double bonded carbon atoms the lowest number possible. If treated as substituents, CH2=CH- and CH2=CH-CH- are called vinyl (or ethenyl) and allyl groups (or 2- propenyl), respectively. Side chains containing an alkene or alkyne are indicated as prefixes by dropping the "e" and adding "yl" like alkyl groups (ethenyl) or (3-butynyl) [HC=CCH2CH2--]. Always number the parent chain to give the functional group of highest priority the lowest number possible, before considering substituents. Critical Thinking Question (CTQ), alkenes: Br H2 H2C° CH CH3 CH3 3-methyl-1-pentene 14. Why is the "1" locant needed in the name of the first compound above? 15. How do you know that this compound has a double bond from its IUPAC name? 16. What functional group class does it belong to? 17. Give the IUPAC names to the remaining four compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:Number cyclic cmpds so that Cl and C2 include the multiple bond if a double or triple bond is present. If an -OH group is present, then start numbering at the C bearing the OH and give the double bonded carbon atoms the lowest number possible. If treated as substituents, CH2=CH- and CH2=CH-CH- are called vinyl (or ethenyl) and allyl groups (or 2- propenyl), respectively. Side chains containing an alkene or alkyne are indicated as prefixes by dropping the "e" and adding "yl" like alkyl groups (ethenyl) or (3-butynyl) [HC=CCH2CH2--]. Always number the parent chain to give the functional group of highest priority the lowest number possible, before considering substituents. Critical Thinking Question (CTQ), alkenes: Br H2 H2C° CH CH3 CH3 3-methyl-1-pentene 14. Why is the "1" locant needed in the name of the first compound above? 15. How do you know that this compound has a double bond from its IUPAC name? 16. What functional group class does it belong to? 17. Give the IUPAC names to the remaining four compounds.
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