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could the genes of any two traits be located on the same chromosome? why or why not?

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Introduction To Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ: What is independent assortment? Does independent assortment occur during mitosis or during meiosis?

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

Question

could the genes of any two traits be located on the same chromosome? why or why not?

Expert Solution

Introduction :

A gene is the determinant of a characteristics pertaining to a particular organism. Mendel used the word unit factor (gene) for controlling units of various traits. Later Johannsen replaced the word factor with gene. A gene is unit of inheritance. It is piece of DNA that carries the information needed to make a specific protein.

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We say that genes that are close together on the same chromosome are linked. What does that mean? Imagine that in a diploid nucleus, one chromosome has the allele R and right next to it on the same chromosome is the allele T for a different gene. Are these linked? Imagine that r is right next to t on the homologous chromosome. If this cell never undergoes meiosis, does this matter at all? If it does undergo meiosis, what are the two genotypes that the gametes are most likely to have? Look at Figure for help if you need it.
Part A: If the two genes are 30 mu apart and the plant is (AB/ab), what proportion of gametes from a single plant will be AB? Enter your answer as a decimal to three places (for example: 0.120). Part B: If the two genes are 30 mu apart and the plant is (AB/ab), what proportion of gametes from a single plant will be Ab? Part C: If the two genes are 30 mu apart and the plant is (AB/ab), what proportion of gametes from a single plant will be aB? Part D: If the two genes are 30 mu apart and the plant is (AB/ab), what proportion of gametes from a signal plant will be ab?
There is an autosomal gene in cats that controls whether or not they also have white patches of fur (W = white spots, w= no white spots). Considering this along with the Orange gene (O0 and OB) from the previous question, and how it works, how many possible genotypes (using these 4 alleles) are there for cats that are orange, black, and white (in other words, calico)?
Let’s suppose a genetic disease is caused by a mutantallele. If two affected parents produce an unaffected offspring, can themutant allele be recessive?
In humans, the genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (a). The normal (healthy) allele is dominant (A). What is the genotype of someone who has cystic fibrosis? What are the two different genotypes that a healthy person could have? If two people were both heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis gene, what fraction of their children would be likely to have this disease? Hint: Draw a Punnett square to figure it out.
This pedigree traces the inheritance of a trait in humans. Based on this pedigree, is the allele for this disease dominant or recessive? Is it sex-linked? Explain. What genotypes are most probable for the individuals labeled 4, 7, and 10?
In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue. A brown eyed man marries a blue-eyed (b) woman and they have three children two of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-eyed. if blue is recessive, what must the woman’s genotype be?
What phenotypic proportions would be expected if the genes for red eyes and for white-banded wings were located on different chromosomes?
Albinism is a recessive trait in humans. A geneticist studies a series of families in which both parents are normal and at least one child has albinism. The geneticist reasons that both parents in these families must be heterozygotes and that albinism should appear in 1/4 of the children of these families. To his surprise, the geneticist finds that the frequency of albinism among the children of these families is considerably greater than 1/4. Can you think of an explanation for the higher than-expected frequency of albinism among these families ?
When Mendel did his experiments, it was the case that the genes for each trait were on separate pairs of homologous chromosomes. For example, the genes for pod color were on one pair of chromosomes and the genes for the seed coat were on a different pair of chromosomes. What if the genes for the two traits were on the same chromosome? (That is, if the gene for pod color was on the same chromosome as the gene for seed coat.) Would Mendel’s 2nd Law still hold? Why or why not?
Just like in fruit flies, pea plants are a famous model organism for genetics. Pea plants can have purple flowers or white flowers. Let's use P to represent the allele for Purple and p to represent the allele for white. In pea plants, purple flowers are fully dominant to white. Imagine a cross between a heterozygous male plant and a female that is homozygous recessive for flower color. What are all the possible gametes that the FEMALE plant could make? O Pp O p dd
How do the terms gene and allele, as used here, relate to the concepts of locus and gene pair?