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COOLING CURVE FOR AN PHASE DIAGRAM OF AN ALCOHOL ALCOHOL 62 500 - liquid solid 400 1.00 300 200 4.2 x 10°. 100 gas 10 15 20 Time (min) 150 159 351 514 (KUnot to scale Temperature (K) Pressure (atm) (not to scale)

COOLING CURVE FOR AN PHASE DIAGRAM OF AN ALCOHOL ALCOHOL 62 500 - liquid solid 400 1.00 300 200 4.2 x 10°. 100 gas 10 15 20 Time (min) 150 159 351 514 (KUnot to scale Temperature (K) Pressure (atm) (not to scale)

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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How much energy was transferred during the phase change shown on the cooling curve? Use the phase diagram and table of values below to help you answer the question.

## Cooling Curve for an Alcohol The graph on the left is titled "Cooling Curve for an Alcohol." It shows temperature measured in Kelvin (K) on the y-axis, plotted against time in minutes on the x-axis. The curve begins at approximately 500 K and shows a decreasing trend. Around 10 minutes, the curve briefly levels off around 400 K before continuing to decrease, indicating a phase change as the alcohol cools. ## Phase Diagram of an Alcohol The graph on the right is titled "Phase Diagram of an Alcohol." It depicts the relationship between pressure (in atm) on the y-axis and temperature (in K) on the x-axis, with both axes not drawn to scale. - **Regions:** The diagram is divided into three distinct regions labeled as solid, liquid, and gas, which represent the states of matter under different conditions. - **Pressure Lines:** The horizontal dashed lines represent specific pressures: - 62 atm marks the upper pressure limit. - 1.00 atm is a standard pressure reference. - 4.2 x 10⁻⁹ atm is the lower pressure limit shown. - **Temperature Points:** Key temperatures are marked: - 150 K is the lower temperature boundary for gas. - 159 K marks the intersection where solid, liquid, and gas coexist, known as the triple point. - 351 K is within the liquid region. - 514 K marks the upper temperature boundary for the diagram. The phase boundaries show how changes in temperature and pressure can result in transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases.
Transcribed Image Text:## Cooling Curve for an Alcohol The graph on the left is titled "Cooling Curve for an Alcohol." It shows temperature measured in Kelvin (K) on the y-axis, plotted against time in minutes on the x-axis. The curve begins at approximately 500 K and shows a decreasing trend. Around 10 minutes, the curve briefly levels off around 400 K before continuing to decrease, indicating a phase change as the alcohol cools. ## Phase Diagram of an Alcohol The graph on the right is titled "Phase Diagram of an Alcohol." It depicts the relationship between pressure (in atm) on the y-axis and temperature (in K) on the x-axis, with both axes not drawn to scale. - **Regions:** The diagram is divided into three distinct regions labeled as solid, liquid, and gas, which represent the states of matter under different conditions. - **Pressure Lines:** The horizontal dashed lines represent specific pressures: - 62 atm marks the upper pressure limit. - 1.00 atm is a standard pressure reference. - 4.2 x 10⁻⁹ atm is the lower pressure limit shown. - **Temperature Points:** Key temperatures are marked: - 150 K is the lower temperature boundary for gas. - 159 K marks the intersection where solid, liquid, and gas coexist, known as the triple point. - 351 K is within the liquid region. - 514 K marks the upper temperature boundary for the diagram. The phase boundaries show how changes in temperature and pressure can result in transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases.
### Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Alcohol This table compares the thermodynamic properties of water and alcohol. It provides crucial data for understanding the heat-related behaviors of these two substances. | Property | Water | Alcohol | |---------------------------------------------|-------|---------| | **Heat of Vaporization, \( H_{\text{vap}} \) (J/g)** | 2,260 | 841 | | **Heat of Fusion, \( H_{\text{fus}} \) (J/g)** | 334 | 109 | | **Specific Heat Capacity of the Liquid, \( c \) (J/g•K)** | 4.18 | 2.46 | #### Explanations: - **Heat of Vaporization (\( H_{\text{vap}} \))**: This is the amount of energy required to convert one gram of a liquid into vapor without a temperature change. Water requires 2,260 J/g, while alcohol needs 841 J/g, indicating that water needs more energy for vaporization. - **Heat of Fusion (\( H_{\text{fus}} \))**: This is the energy needed to change one gram of a solid into a liquid at its melting point. For water, it is 334 J/g, whereas for alcohol, it is 109 J/g. This shows that water requires more energy to melt. - **Specific Heat Capacity (\( c \))**: This is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Water has a higher specific heat capacity (4.18 J/g•K) compared to alcohol (2.46 J/g•K), meaning water can absorb more heat before changing temperature.
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Alcohol This table compares the thermodynamic properties of water and alcohol. It provides crucial data for understanding the heat-related behaviors of these two substances. | Property | Water | Alcohol | |---------------------------------------------|-------|---------| | **Heat of Vaporization, \( H_{\text{vap}} \) (J/g)** | 2,260 | 841 | | **Heat of Fusion, \( H_{\text{fus}} \) (J/g)** | 334 | 109 | | **Specific Heat Capacity of the Liquid, \( c \) (J/g•K)** | 4.18 | 2.46 | #### Explanations: - **Heat of Vaporization (\( H_{\text{vap}} \))**: This is the amount of energy required to convert one gram of a liquid into vapor without a temperature change. Water requires 2,260 J/g, while alcohol needs 841 J/g, indicating that water needs more energy for vaporization. - **Heat of Fusion (\( H_{\text{fus}} \))**: This is the energy needed to change one gram of a solid into a liquid at its melting point. For water, it is 334 J/g, whereas for alcohol, it is 109 J/g. This shows that water requires more energy to melt. - **Specific Heat Capacity (\( c \))**: This is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Water has a higher specific heat capacity (4.18 J/g•K) compared to alcohol (2.46 J/g•K), meaning water can absorb more heat before changing temperature.
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