Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Convert the alcohol, n-propanol, to n-propyl fluoride in 2 steps. List the reagents in the order you would use them.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Conversion of n-Propanol to n-Propyl Fluoride**
**Objective:**
Learn how to convert the alcohol, n-propanol, to n-propyl fluoride in two steps by using specific reagents in the correct order.
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**Chemical Reaction Overview:**
The diagram illustrates the chemical conversion:
1. **n-Propanol (Reactant):**
- Molecular structure:
- A three-carbon chain with an -OH (hydroxyl) group attached to the terminal carbon.
2. **Conversion Arrow:**
- Indicates the transformation from the starting material (n-propanol) to the final product.
3. **n-Propyl Fluoride (Product):**
- Molecular structure:
- A three-carbon chain with an -F (fluoride) atom replacing the hydroxyl group.
**Steps and Reagents:**
To convert n-propanol to n-propyl fluoride, follow these steps:
1. **Step 1:** Convert the hydroxyl group to a good leaving group.
- Example reagent: **Tosyl chloride (TsCl)** in the presence of a base such as **pyridine** to form a tosylate intermediate.
2. **Step 2:** Substitute the leaving group with fluoride.
- Example reagent: **Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF)** or other fluoride sources like **hydrogen fluoride (HF)**.
Through these steps, starting from n-propanol, you will obtain n-propyl fluoride efficiently by substituting the hydroxyl group with a fluoride ion. Remember, the order of reagents is crucial for successful conversion.
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