Convergent evolution occurs when: a. None of these b. Two organisms have a functionally similar trait they share with a common ancestor С. An organism does not share a functionally analogous trait with a common ancestor d. Two organisms have a functionally similar trait they do not share with a common ancestor e. An organism shares a functionally similar trait with a common ancestor

Convergent evolution occurs when: a. None of these b. Two organisms have a functionally similar trait they share with a common ancestor С. An organism does not share a functionally analogous trait with a common ancestor d. Two organisms have a functionally similar trait they do not share with a common ancestor e. An organism shares a functionally similar trait with a common ancestor

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYU: EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements: (a) Natural...

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Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?
With regard to biological evolution, which of the following statements is incorrect? Explain why.A. During its lifetime, an animal evolves to become better adaptedto its environment.B. The process of biological evolution has produced species thatare better adapted to their environments.C. When an animal is better adapted to its environment, the process of natural selection makes it more likely that the animalwill reproduce.
Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology instead of convergent evolution? a. The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identicalb. The two species live at great distance from each otherc. The structures in adult members of both species are similar in sized. Both species are well adapted to their respective environments
Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree? Select one: O A. Transitional fossils had not been found. В. Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns. O C. None of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods. D. Some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats. E. The skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (in other words, some bones were missing).
What causes convergent evolution resulting in two species, distantly related from each other to have similar adaptations (such as birds and bats)? A Hybridization of two different species to produce an offspring with traits of both parents. B Similar environmental pressures Mutations Similarities in DNA
Adaptations B Fossils Ancestral structures Homologous structures 2. The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more lik to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species is called Natural selection Evolution C Competition Over production 3. Which of the following is the best example of an adaptation that helps organisms surviv their environment? A green coloring in lizards living on gray rocks B. a thick coat of fur on animals that live in the desert an extensive root system in desert plants
The phylogenetic tree to the right showsthe evolutionary relationships of taxa A –H. The shapes represent character statetrait changes. A. Which traits (shapes) would individualsin taxa D have? Draw the collection oftraits. B. Is the triangle a synapomorphy orpleisomorphy (circle one)? C. Is the circle a synapomorphy orsympleisomorphy (circle one)?
Evolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which of examples listed below does not support the claim that species are related? O A. Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous. O B. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information. OC. Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease. O D. Ground squirrel species found on the North and South sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other. O E. The endostyle of lancelets (invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins. «< Question 5 of 120 A Moving to another question will save this response. 11:51 AM 12/16/202 End F10 pgUP F11 PgDn F12 Home PrtScn F8 DII F5 F7 F6 F3 F4 F2 & #3 2$ 7 8 9.…
The theory of evolution has long been a part of the study of biology in its attempt to explain the diversity of different life forms. Why do you think has it not been elevated as a Law?
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
Vestigial structures are: structures that were helpful to our ancestors but do not serve any useful purpose under current conditions structures that are only helpful when there is competition for survival structures that are harmful relics of our evolution structures that appear to contradict our understanding of how evolution works O000
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) that you learned about in the Case Study 2 content? a) The LTEE is different from most other studies of evolutionary change within lineages because the "frozen fossil record" allows recovery and further study of ancestors that lived many thousands of generations ago. Ob) The LTEE shows that the evolution of a new trait may occur in several steps, the first of which is the origin of mutations that arise because someday they will make it possible for new traits to manifest and be selected for in a given environment. c) The LTEE reinforces the notion that whether a given mutation is beneficial or deleterious depends on the environment in which the organism lives. O d) The LTEE shows that traits can evolve independently and even repeatedly, but that there are also signs of historical contingency in that they do not necessarily evolve in exactly the same way from a genetic standpoint. e) The LTEE…