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Could you explain how to show 7.1 in detail?

### Definition
Let \( X \) and \( Y \) be topological spaces. A function or map \( f : X \to Y \) is a **continuous function** or **continuous map** if and only if for every open set \( U \) in \( Y \), \( f^{-1}(U) \) is open in \( X \).

### Theorem 7.1
Let \( X \) and \( Y \) be topological spaces, and let \( f : X \to Y \) be a function. Then the following are equivalent:
1. The function \( f \) is continuous.
2. For every closed set \( K \) in \( Y \), the inverse image \( f^{-1}(K) \) is closed in \( X \).
3. For every limit point \( p \) of a set \( A \) in \( X \), the image \( f(p) \) belongs to \( \overline{f(A)} \).
4. For every \( x \in X \) and open set \( V \) containing \( f(x) \), there is an open set \( U \) containing \( x \) such that \( f(U) \subseteq V \).
Transcribed Image Text:### Definition Let \( X \) and \( Y \) be topological spaces. A function or map \( f : X \to Y \) is a **continuous function** or **continuous map** if and only if for every open set \( U \) in \( Y \), \( f^{-1}(U) \) is open in \( X \). ### Theorem 7.1 Let \( X \) and \( Y \) be topological spaces, and let \( f : X \to Y \) be a function. Then the following are equivalent: 1. The function \( f \) is continuous. 2. For every closed set \( K \) in \( Y \), the inverse image \( f^{-1}(K) \) is closed in \( X \). 3. For every limit point \( p \) of a set \( A \) in \( X \), the image \( f(p) \) belongs to \( \overline{f(A)} \). 4. For every \( x \in X \) and open set \( V \) containing \( f(x) \), there is an open set \( U \) containing \( x \) such that \( f(U) \subseteq V \).
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