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Contemporary world Explain and give me an examples

Contemporary world Explain and give me an examples

Social Psychology (10th Edition)
Social Psychology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134641287
Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
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Contemporary world Explain and give me an examples
Globalization Theories We have established the many definitions of and issues in defining globalization and the metaphors that we can use to understand easily the concept. We have also looked into its origins and history. This section will give you a glimpse of the important theories on globalization. We will analyze globalization culturally, economically, and politically in this book as reflected in the succeeding chapters. In the meantime, it would be helpful to assert that the theories see globalization as a process that increases either homogeneity or heterogeneity. Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. Homogeneity in culture is often linked to cultural imperialism. This means, a given culture influences other cultures. For example, the dominant religion in our country is Christianity, which was brought to us by the Spaniards. Another example is Americanization, which was defined by Kuisel (1993) as "the import by non-Americans of products, images, technologies, practices, and behavior that are closely associated with America/Americans" (p. 96). In terms of the economy, there is recognition of the spread of neoliberalism, capitalism, and the market economy in the world (Antonio, 2007): Global economic crises are also. products of homogeneity in economic globalization. Stiglitz (2002), for instance, blamed the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its "one-size-fits all" approach which treats every country in the world as the same. In the end, rich countries become advantageous in the world economy at the expense of poor countries, which leads to increased inequality among nations. The political realm also suffers homogenization if one takes into account the emerging similar models of governance in the world. Barber (1995) said that "McWorld" is existing. It means only one political orientation is growing in today's societies. The global flow of media is often characterized as media imperialism. TV, music, books, and movies are perceived as imposed on developing countries by the West (Cowen, 2002). Media imperialism undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from developing countries, such as the Al Jazeera (Bielsa, 2008) and the Bollywood (Larkin, 2003), as well as the influence of the local and regional media. The Internet can be seen as an arena for alternative media. Cultural imperialism denies the agency of viewers, but people around the world often interpret the same medium (e.g., a movie) in significantly different ways. Global media are dominated by a small number of large corporations. As McChesney (1999) put it, this is being "extended from old media to new Chapter 1: Defining Globalization 7
Transcribed Image Text:Globalization Theories We have established the many definitions of and issues in defining globalization and the metaphors that we can use to understand easily the concept. We have also looked into its origins and history. This section will give you a glimpse of the important theories on globalization. We will analyze globalization culturally, economically, and politically in this book as reflected in the succeeding chapters. In the meantime, it would be helpful to assert that the theories see globalization as a process that increases either homogeneity or heterogeneity. Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. Homogeneity in culture is often linked to cultural imperialism. This means, a given culture influences other cultures. For example, the dominant religion in our country is Christianity, which was brought to us by the Spaniards. Another example is Americanization, which was defined by Kuisel (1993) as "the import by non-Americans of products, images, technologies, practices, and behavior that are closely associated with America/Americans" (p. 96). In terms of the economy, there is recognition of the spread of neoliberalism, capitalism, and the market economy in the world (Antonio, 2007): Global economic crises are also. products of homogeneity in economic globalization. Stiglitz (2002), for instance, blamed the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its "one-size-fits all" approach which treats every country in the world as the same. In the end, rich countries become advantageous in the world economy at the expense of poor countries, which leads to increased inequality among nations. The political realm also suffers homogenization if one takes into account the emerging similar models of governance in the world. Barber (1995) said that "McWorld" is existing. It means only one political orientation is growing in today's societies. The global flow of media is often characterized as media imperialism. TV, music, books, and movies are perceived as imposed on developing countries by the West (Cowen, 2002). Media imperialism undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from developing countries, such as the Al Jazeera (Bielsa, 2008) and the Bollywood (Larkin, 2003), as well as the influence of the local and regional media. The Internet can be seen as an arena for alternative media. Cultural imperialism denies the agency of viewers, but people around the world often interpret the same medium (e.g., a movie) in significantly different ways. Global media are dominated by a small number of large corporations. As McChesney (1999) put it, this is being "extended from old media to new Chapter 1: Defining Globalization 7
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