Consolidated undrained triaxial tests are performed on two identical specimens of saturated, remolded clay with pore pressure measurements. The observations are recorded in the table below: Cell pressure at Deviator Stress Pore Pressure at failure (K Pa) Test No Consolidation Pressure (K Pa) at Failure (K Pa) failure (K Pa) 1 250 250 175 100 2 350 350 240 145 Determine the values of the shear strength parameters, cohesion ad friction, for the clay both terms of total and effective stresses. If in consolidation undrained test, an identical specimen is first consolidated under a cell pressure of 400 K Pa, what would be the deviator stress at failure?

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.