8 Considering that calcium and ATP are required for muscle contraction, whatmight explain why calcium inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)activity in muscle cells, but stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 (PDHP-1) activity?unphosphorylatedCalcium inhibition of PDHP-1 and stimulation of PDHK results inactive PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inunphosphorylated active PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inphosphorylated active PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inunphosphorylated active PDH and more ADP for muscle contraction.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is made up of three subunits, called E1, E2 and E3. E1 is also…

Answered: Considering that calcium and ATP are…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3P

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Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reac- tion in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?
Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM;ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and Pi, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinasereaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions?By how much?
In muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active) to phosphorylase b (less active). Determine what happens to the rate of glycogen breakdown if a muscle preparation containing glycogen phosphorylase is treated with: (a) phosphorylase kinase and ATP; (b) PP1; (c) epinephrine
What type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle? Select all that apply. O Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase O Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase O Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase O Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex O Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthase O Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex O Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis
Compare and contrast the effects of glucagon and epinephrine on metabolic pathways in their target tissues. Keep in mind that skeletal muscle lacks cell surface receptors for glucagon.
Diabetes is a complex set of metabolic diseases with thecommon symptom of an inability to transport glucose intotarget cells (muscle cells and adipocytes). The body compensates in part by degrading muscle protein to generate energy.Explain how this process works.
All the enzymes listed below catalyze a reaction in the skeletal muscle. For an Olympic sprinter, which ones would be considered relevant during the running of a 100m sprint (select all that apply)? O glycogen phosphorylase O pyruvate kinase glycogen synthase O lactate dehydrogenase O adenylate kinase O pyruvate dehydrogenase O creatine kinase
Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause glycogen to be full of short, stubby branches compared to normally structure glycogen in the affected organ? Explain. Muscle branching enzyme Liver debranching enzyme Muscle phosphorylase Liver glycogen synthase Glycogenin
The Vmax of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is much larger than that of the liver enzyme. Discuss the functional signifi cance of this phenomenon.
is this stement false? Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: Fructose-6-phosphate (1.0 mM)Fructose-(1-6)-bisphosphate (10.0 mM)AMP (0.1 mM)ADP (0.5 mM)ATP (5.0 mM)Pi (10.0 mM)Under the above conditions the Phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle is more exergonic than under standard conditions.
Assuming that all the glucose entering a muscle fiber is oxidized, as what molecule will the glucose carbon leave the body? Of glucose’s six carbons, two oxidized carbon byproducts will be produced by one enzyme, and four will be produced by a metabolic pathway. At which enzyme and pathway are these carbon-based bi-products produced?
In angiogenic endothelial cells, pyruvate is converted to lactate (generating 2 ATP per glucose) rather than being completely oxidized (which would generate ~32 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation). Explain why angiogenic cells generate ATP anaerobically.

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