Consider two Stackelberg firms, Firm Alpha and Firm Omega, each with marginal costs of 50 and each facing the market inverse demand curve: P = 500 – Q. Firm Alpha moves first, Firm Omega moves second. How many MORE units does Firm Alpha produce than Firm Omega due to first mover advantage?
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- Is Consider the daily market for hot dogs in a small city. Suppose that this market is in long-run competitive equilibrium with many hot dog stands in the city, each one selling the same kind of hot dogs. Therefore, each vendor is a price taker and possesses no market power. The following graph shows the demand (D) and supply (S = MC) curves in the market for hot dogs. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the market price and quantity that will result from competition. (?) PRICE (Dollars per hot dog) 5.0 4.5 4.0 8 3.5 3.0 2 25 e 20 1.5 0.5 + 0 0 10 20 Competitive Market S-MC 30 40 50 60 70 QUANTITY (Hot dogs) 80 90 D 100 + PC Outcome Assume that one of the hot dog vendors successfully lobbies the city council to obtain the exclusive right to sell hot dogs within the city limits. This firm buys up all the rest of the hot dog vendors in the city and operates as a monopoly. Assume that this change doesn't affect demand and that the new monopoly's marginal cost…Consider the weekly market for gyros in a popular neighborhood close to campus. Suppose this market is operating in long-run competitive equilibrium with many gyro vendors in the neighborhood, each offering basically the same gyros. Due to the structure of the market, the vendors act as price takers and each individual vendor has no market power. The following graph displays the supply (S = MC) and demand (D) curves in the weekly market for gyros. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the market price and quantity that will result from competition. PRICE (Dollars per gyro) 5.0 PRICE (Dollars per gyro) 4.5 4.0 3.5 1.0 0.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 0 10 30 Now assume that one of the gyro vendors successfully petitions the neighborhood development board to obtain exclusive rights to sell gyros in the neighborhood. This firm buys up all the rest of the gyro food trucks in the area and begins to operate as a monopoly. Assume that this change does not affect demand and…Two firms (called firm 1 and firm 2) are the only sellers of a good for which the demand equation is Here, q is the total quantity of the good demanded and p is the price of the good measured in dollars. Neither firm has any fixed costs, and each firm’s marginal cost of producing a unit of goods is $2. Imagine that each firm produces some quantity of goods, and that these goods are sold to consumers at the highest price at which all of the goods can be sold. A Cournot equilibrium in this environment is a pair of outputs (q1, q2) such that, when firm 1 produces q1 units of goods and firm 2 produces q2 units of goods, neither firm can raise its profits by unilaterally changing its output. Find the Cournot equilibrium. Determine whether the price at which the goods are sold exceeds marginal cost.
- Suppose there are many identical competitive firms with constant marginal cost MC = 7 and inverse market demand p = 100 q. Now one of the firms made an innovation and lowers its marginal cost to MCi = 5, what’s the largest profit this innovating firm make? What if the innovator lowers its marginal cost to MCi = 3?consider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Suppose that Firm 1 chooses quantity first and is able to credibly commit to this choice. Then firm 2 choose its quantity after observing firm 1’s quantity. In the SPNE of this game, what is the price faced by consumers?- p = 3- p = 4- p = 5- p = 6- p = 7In competitive markets, there are many small firms with each firm unable to influence the market price. Suppose company ABX operates in the wheat market. The company produces and markets wheats at a Price = $20 per container. The firm’s total costs are given as: TC = 50 +2Q + 3Q2 Find the Firm’s marginal cost? Show your steps, including graphs. Review additional resources? Hint: See the rules for differentiation
- In the model of Bertrand Competition firms would compete, driving price down to marginal cost so that firms make zero economic profits. This means we have firms essentially behaving as if they are perfectly competitive, even with just two firms. Despite this very clear prediction, we do not often see evidence of this outcome, even in markets where we believe firms are indeed competing via price. Why might this be? For instance, what assumptions do we make about costs of firms and how might things play out if those assumptions fail? What are some things firms could do in this situation to prevent prices from dropping as low as marginal cost, even if our assumptions on costs are true?Consider a market with the demand curve Q(P) = 3700– 100P. Two companies compete in Bertrand setting, where the first company has a marginal cost of $10 and a capacity of 100 units, and the second firm has a marginal cost of $20 and a capacity of 1000 units. Assume that fixed costs are zero. a) Show that both firms will sell in this market at a price above $20. b) Assume that the first firm is capacity constrained. From the perspective of the second firm, find the quantity sold in the market and the price set by the second firm. c) Now, using the result from the previous part, from the perspective of the first firm, find the quantity sold in the market and the respective price set by the first firm.Consider the Bertrand competition setup with 2 firms producing identical goods. The market demandis given by Q = 100 − P. T C1 = 30q1 and T C2 = 70q2. Derive the Bertrand equilibrium (prices andquantities of both firms) here.
- Bob owns a plot of land in the desert that isn't worth much. One day, a giant meteor falls on his property. The event attracts scientists and tourists, and Bob decides to sell nontransferable admission tickets to the meteor crater to both types of visitors: scientists (Market A) and tourists (Market B). The following graphs show demand (D) curves and marginal revenue (MR) curves for the two markets. Bob's marginal cost of providing admission tickets is zero. PRICE (Dollars per ticket) 10 m CD 2 0 0 Market A MR I I I I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QUANTITY (Admission tickets per day) D A 10 ? PRICE (Dollars per ticket) 10 CD N 0 0 Market B MR D B B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QUANTITY (Admission tickets per day) 10 (?)PROBLEM (5) In a dominant firm market with demand Q = 30 − p, the dominant firm has MC(Q) = 2Q (that is, with TC(Q) = Q^2) and the fringe is composed of 5 identical firms, each with MC(Q) = 10Q (that is, with TC(Q) = 5Q^2). (a) Calculate the market price in the dominant firm model. Calculate the quantity produced by the fringe. (b) Now assume that the 5 fringe firms form a “union”, and act as 5 “plants” of the union firm and this union firm competes as one single firm against the dominant firm in quantities, as in Cournot competition. What is the Cournot-Nash equilibrium price and quantity in this market organization? (c) Now, the dominant firm convinces the “union” not to compete with it but instead collude (to maximize the sum of profits) to form a cartel. What is the market price and quantity? (d) Back to the problem description. If all the firms (the dominant firm and the 5 fringe firms) acted as price takers, as in the perfect competition, what would be the market equilibrium…Three firms sell identical products in a market with inverse demand given by P(Q) = 590 - 4Q, where Q = q1 + q2 + q3, i.e., the sum of all quantities produced by all three firms. Each firm has a constant marginal cost of production MC = 18 and no fixed cost. Firm 1 chooses q1 first. Firms 2 and 3 simultaneously choose q2 and q3 after observing q1. Calculate the subgame perfect equilibrium profit of firm 2.