Consider two separate plane electromagnetic waves in free space having electric field phasors ₁ = (a + jy) eißz V/m and E₂ = (1 - i)ĝejßz V/m. What are the individual polarization states of these two waves? Calculate the time-average power density (Poynting vector) associated with E₁ alone Calculate the time-average power density associated with E2 alone (d) What is the polarization state of the vector sum of the two fields E = E₁ + E₂? (e) Calculate the time-average power density associated with the vector sum of the two fields E = E₁ + E2, and compare it with the sum of your answers in parts (b) and (c). (f) How much of the total time-average power (in Watts) radiated by E = E₁ + E2 is intercepted by a circular antenna of radius 30 cm in the x-y plane? Provide a numerical answer using no = 120.

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Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.