Consider the tests that aided you to confirm your unknown. Write chemical equations for those reactions between your unknown using YOUR structure and the readgents used that gave you a positive test. I confirmed my unknown as 2-methyl-2-propanol I'm getting a headach just looking at this problem so I am going to attach the two tests from my lab notebook that came up as positive (alcohol) Thank you so much
Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Consider the tests that aided you to confirm your unknown. Write chemical equations for those reactions between your unknown using YOUR structure and the readgents used that gave you a positive test.
I confirmed my unknown as 2-methyl-2-propanol
I'm getting a headach just looking at this problem so I am going to attach the two tests from my lab notebook that came up as positive (alcohol)
Thank you so much
![**Test #8: Lucas Test for Alcohol Type**
**Procedure:**
Time is a crucial factor in this test, so prepare to start your watch. Add 9 drops of the unknown substance to 25 drops of the Lucas reagent. **CAUTION:** The reagent is corrosive and toxic. Mix the contents and let the test tube stand while noting the time. The formation of a cloudy suspension (gelatinous) indicates the production of an alkyl halide, which is a positive test result. The key aspect to observe is the time taken for the suspension to form.
**Discussion:**
- **Tertiary alcohols** react rapidly, within 1 minute.
- **Secondary (2°) alcohols** take up to 5-6 minutes.
- **Primary (1°) alcohols** do not react within this timeframe.
The zinc chloride in the reagent acts as a catalyst for the reaction.
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{R}_3\text{C-OH} + \text{HCl} \xrightarrow{\text{ZnCl}_2} \text{R}_3\text{C-Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- The appearance of cloudiness indicates the formation of the alkyl chloride (R₃C-Cl).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0de55678-1339-464a-bc85-7719e9ca0e8a%2Fbdcf7ea9-3612-4d77-97b5-802ae6027638%2Fg2vbypk_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![**Test # 7: Ceric Nitrate Test for Alcohols**
If tests 3, 4, and 6 were negative, this test is used to reveal an alcohol. Three drops of the unknown are added to 7-8 drops of the reagent, ceric nitrate, in a 4-inch test tube, with shaking. The rapid appearance of a red color, due to complexation of the cerium (IV) ion with the alcohol, is a positive test.
**Discussion:** This test works for most alcohols up to 10-carbon alcohols. If your test result is positive for alcohols, proceed to Test # 8 (Lucas Test) to determine the type of alcohol.
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{R-OH} + \left( \text{NH}_4 \right)_2 \left[ \text{Ce} \left( \text{NO}_3 \right)_6 \right] \longrightarrow 2 \text{NH}_4^+ + \left[ \left( \text{RO} \right) \text{Ce} \left( \text{NO}_3 \right)_5 \right]^{2-} + \text{NO}_3^- + \text{H}^+ \]
- **Yellow:** The color of the ceric ammonium nitrate starting complex.
- **Red Complex:** The color indicates a positive reaction with alcohol.
This test is useful in identifying the presence of alcohols in a substance by observing a color change upon reaction.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0de55678-1339-464a-bc85-7719e9ca0e8a%2Fbdcf7ea9-3612-4d77-97b5-802ae6027638%2F0uh8gsy_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
