To ensure the integrity and authentication of a message while transferring funds in a banking scenario, follow the outlined steps using public and private key cryptography:### Scenario:A user, Andy, wants to transfer funds to another user, Sam, using a banking application. The app must send a message to the bank’s server authorizing the transfer.### Notation Used:- \( K^+_A, K^-_A \): Andy’s Public Key, Andy’s Private Key- \( K^+_B, K^-_B \): Bank Server’s Public Key, Bank Server’s Private Key- \( m \): Message to be transmitted- \( H(m) \): Hash of a given message \( m \)### Steps to Ensure Integrity and Authentication:1. **Message Preparation:** - Andy’s banking application prepares the message \( m \) containing the transaction details.2. **Hashing:** - Compute the hash \( H(m) \) of the message \( m \).3. **Signing the Hash:** - Use Andy's private key \( K^-_A \) to encrypt the hash, creating a digital signature for the message. This ensures authenticity and verifies the sender's identity.4. **Message Encryption:** - Encrypt the entire message \( m \) along with the digital signature using the bank server's public key \( K^+_B \). This ensures confidentiality during transmission.5. **Transmission:** - Send the encrypted message and digital signature to the bank’s server.6. **Decryption by Bank:** - Upon receipt, the bank uses its private key \( K^-_B \) to decrypt the message and signature.7. **Verification:** - Extract the hash from the decrypted signature using Andy's public key \( K^+_A \). - Compute a new hash of the received message \( m \) and compare it with the extracted hash to verify integrity.8. **Action:** - If both hashes match, the message is authenticated and has not been tampered with. The bank server processes the transaction.This process ensures secure and verified communication between a user’s banking app and the bank server, maintaining integrity and authentication.### Diagram (Explanation):The diagram illustrates the transformation and processing of the message \( m \) starting from Andy’s Banking Application to the Bank Server. It visually represents the steps of hashing, signing, encrypting

Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext, which is a scrambled version of…

Answered: Consider the scenario where a user,…

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