Consider the product of the nonzero quadratic residues modulo p. For example, modulo 5, the nonzero quadratic residues are 1 and 4, so the product is 4 · 1 ≡ 4 (mod 5) and the nonzero quadratic residues modulo 7 are 1, 2, and 4, so the product is 4 · 2 · 1 = 8 ≡ 1 (mod 8). Give a general formula for the product of the nonzero quadratic residues mod p for any odd prime p

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A:

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A: