Consider the market illustrated in the figure to the right. Supply curve S₁ represents the private cost of production and demand curve D₁ represents the private benefit from consumption. Suppose consumption of this good creates a positive externality. Show how the externality affects the market. 1.) Use the line drawing tool to draw either a new supply (S₂) or demand (D₂) curve incorporating the positive externality in consumption. Properly label this line. 2.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the market equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Market equilibrium'. 3.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the efficient equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Efficient equilibrium'. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. Price Quantity S₁ D₁

Consider the market illustrated in the figure to the right. Supply curve S₁ represents the private cost of production and demand curve D₁ represents the private benefit from consumption. Suppose consumption of this good creates a positive externality. Show how the externality affects the market. 1.) Use the line drawing tool to draw either a new supply (S₂) or demand (D₂) curve incorporating the positive externality in consumption. Properly label this line. 2.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the market equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Market equilibrium'. 3.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the efficient equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Efficient equilibrium'. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. Price Quantity S₁ D₁

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Il) The figure below shows a market in which there is an externality. The curve S2 is parallel to S1. Areas in the figure are numbered. Price 60.00 49.60 40.80 2 8 le 27.60 5 19.2 32.4 Quantity s) What type of externality is shown in the figure and why is it a problem in economics? Identify the market equilibrium and the social equilibrium in the figure. If the market were to move from the market equilibrium to the social equilibrium, indicate the area(s) that represent the change in a. b. C. consumer surplus, the change in producer surplus, the change for third parties, and the net effect on total surplus. Does total surplus rise or fall? d. OWhat would be the amount of a per-unit tax needed to fix the externality?
Use the following Graphical to answer questions. a. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. Without government interference, what will this market result in? b. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. If the government wishes to establish an optimal allocation of resources in this market, what should it? a. Description Where there is asymmetric information between buyers and sellers! b. In which buyers will opt out of markets?
3.) Consider the market for beehives. Suppose that the demand for beehives of local apiarists is given by PD = 43 – 4QD and the supply curve of beehives is given by PS = 3QS + 8. Suppose that bees from the apiarists' beehives sometimes sting bystanders, which the bystanders find painful and unpleasant. These stings thus represent a negative externality. The cost of the stings from the bees of any given beehive is equal to $7.00. - a.) Compute total surplus in this market if there is no intervention from the local government. b.) Compute total surplus in this market if the local government imposes the Pigouvian tax to correct the externality. c.) What is the dead weight loss of the government not taxing in this market?
What does Coase mean by "the reciprocal nature" of the problem of negative externalities? the avoidance of harm done by one party causes harm to that party all people hurt all other people people take turns hurting each other
Use the following diagram of the market for product X to answer the question below. Price Q₁ Qo Q₂ Quantity D₁ Curve S, embodies all costs (including externalities) and D, embodies all benefits (including externalities) associated with the production and consumption of X. Assuming the market equilibrium output is Q₁, we can conclude that the existence of external A) costs has resulted in an underallocation of resources to X. B) costs has resulted in an overallocation of resources to X. C) benefits has resulted in an overallocation of resources to X. D) benefits has resulted in an underallocation of resources to X.
Consider a market with the following supply and demand. (It may help to draw a graph for these questions.) P 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 QS 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 QD 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 If there is an external cost of $3, what is the efficient quantity? 500 (already answer) If there is an external benefit of $3, what is the efficient quantity? 700 (already answer) For the remaining questions assume that there is a $3 external COST. If the government wants to get the efficient quantity with a per/unit tax, how much should the tax be? 3 (already answer) Now imagine that they use tradable allowances. If they cap the quantity at 400 what would the value of these allowance be in the market? (Assume the…
Give an example for a negative or positive externality and explain the inefficiency this negative or positive externality might cause. How should the government deal with this negative or positive externality? (regulation, taxes, subsidies, private remedies, etc.) What would be the most appropriate remedy for your example?
Please answer (Question. 2) for this.
Suppose that externalities exist in the market for rice (e.g., pollution and wastes dumped in nearby water reservoir producing ice cream) and this has inflicted damage to nearby community. The associated marginal damage was estimated as MD = 2Q. Sketch, in the same diagram, the MD (marginal damage) associated with this good’s production. Explain why MD curve is upward sloping.
Please only solve these following ones if it is hard to explain the reasons. 1) External cost, external benefit or neither?2) Recommend Taxing or Subsidizing?
22.) Which of the following is a market-based policy intervention to correct the negative externality associated with nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from cars? a.) A law that requires all car manufacturers to install catalytic converters on new vehicles b.) A law that forbids driving on days with low air quality c.) A $3 per gallon tax on gasoline and diesel fuel d.) None of the above 23.)Consider a market subject to a negative externality cause by pollution. Suppose that, initially, the government is dealing with this negative externality using a Pigouvian tax. The government is considering switching its handling of the negative externality to a scheme where it auctions off pollution licenses to producers instead. If the government makes this policy change, then producer surplus will and government surplus will a.) Increase, increase b.) Decrease, decrease c.) Decrease, increase d.) None of the above 24.)Which of the following is a private good? a.) A hard copy of Principles of…
Viral infections such as flu are highly contagious. The number of infections and thus the spread of the disease can be prevented by getting vaccinated. However, the decision to take vaccine is voluntary and some people choose not to go for it for various reasons.] [What type of externality occurs by getting vaccinated against contagious diseases? Explain your answer in 100 words or less. [In a diagram, show the market equilibrium quantity of the vaccine. Is the quantity also socially efficient? Explain in 100 words or less and demonstrate using the same diagram. [Suggest one method to achieve a socially efficient outcome. Explain your answer in 100 or less words.