Consider the imaginary small country of Auyuittuq. Assume that Auyuittuq is closed to trade, so that its net exports are equa the economy is described by the following consumption function, where C is consumption, Y is income (real GDP), Ip is planned investment, G is government purchases, and T is taxes: C = $40 billion +0.5 x (Y-T) Suppose G = $115 billion, Ip = $50 billion, and T = $10 billion. Given the consumption function and the fact that, in a closed economy, planned expenditure can be calculated as Y=C+Ip+ G, the equilibrium income level is $ billion.
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- Consider a world with only two countries, which are designated the home country (H) and the foreign country (F). Output equals its full-employment level in each country. You are given the following information about each country: Home Country Consumption: CH = 100 + 0.5YH - 500rw Investment: IH = 300 - 500rw Government Purchases: GH = 155 Full-employment Output: YH = 1000 Foreign Country Consumption: CF = 225 + 0.7YF - 600rw Investment: IF = 250 - 200rw Government Purchases: GF = 190 Full-employment Output: YF = 1200 a. Write national saving in the home country and in the foreign country as functions of the world real interest rate rw. b. What is the equilibrium value of the world real interest rate? c. What are the equilibrium values of consumption, national saving, investment, the current account balance, and absorption in each country?National Saving - Investment = X - IM A country whose National Saving is greater than its Investment will experience a Trade deficit (IM > X) Balanced trade (IM – X) = 0 O Trade surplus (X > IM)We saw in class that PPP conversion factors are different from market exchange rates because they are based on the actual purchasing powers of currencies. The table below shows the GDP of different countries in their local currency along with their GDP at the market exchange rate, population, and the PPP conversion factor. country GDP in 2017 GDP (US$s, at market ex.) PPP factor роpulation Japan 544¥ trillion $4.86 trillion 105 ¥/$ 127.5 million India 1717 trillion $2.65 trillion 20 7/$ 1339 million |Мexico 22 trillion pesos $1.16 trillion 11 pesos/$ 129 million Which country has the higher GDP per capita measured in purchasing power, India or Mexico? Mexico's average income is more than double India's India's average income is more than double Mexico's Mexico and India have similar average incomes not enough information is provided
- In 2010, the economy of the Utopia exported goods worth $232 billion and services worth another $87 billion. It imported goods worth $225 billion and services worth $56 billion. Receipts of income from abroad were $110 billion while income payments going abroad were $91 billion. Government transfers from the Utopia to the rest of the world were $23 billion, while various Utopia government agencies received payments of $16 billion from the rest of the world. Calculate Utopia’s merchandise trade balance for 2010. Calculate the current account balance for 2010. Explain how you decided whether payments on foreign investment and government transfers counted on the positive or the negative side of the current account balance for Utopia in 2010.Consider a small country that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. The following equations describe the economy of this country in billions of dollars, where C is consumption, DI is disposable income, I is investment, and G is government purchases: C� = = 30+0.8×DI30+0.8×DI G� = = 5050 I� = = 6060 Initially, this economy had a lump sum tax. Suppose net taxes were $50 billion, so that disposable income was equal to Y – 50, where Y is real GDP. In this case, this economy's aggregate output demanded was ___________ . Suppose the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising taxes. Because the spending multiplier is ____________ , this will increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by ____________ . Now suppose that the government switches to a proportional tax on income of 10%. Because consumers retain the remaining 90% of their income, disposable income is now equal to 0.90Y. In this case, the economy's aggregate output…In 2012, the economy of the Utopia exported goods worth $232 billion and services worth another $87 billion. It imported goods worth $225 billion and services worth $56 billion. Receipts of income from abroad were $110 billion while income payments going abroad were $91 billion. Government transfers from the Utopia to the rest of the world were $23 billion, while various Utopia government agencies received payments of $16 billion from the rest of the world. Calculate Utopia’s merchandise trade balance for 2012. Calculate the current account balance for 2012. Explain how you decided whether payments on foreign investment and government transfers counted on the positive or the negative side of the current account balance for Utopia in 2012. sdf sds
- Q4. Suppose that Brazil initially has a higher capital rental rate (r) than the United States. What would be the direction of foreign direct investment (FDI)? Use a world-capital-market graph to show the effects of FDI on the two countries’ rental rates of capital, GDP, and return to labor owners. Identify the net change in world output in the above graph. Discussion: what other effects could FDI cause in the recipient and source countries that are not captured in the model? Your answerConsider the following model of an economy with no international trade, and in which the price level is fixed: C = 40 + (8/9)∙DI I = 30 G = 30 Taxes = (1/8)∙GDP where C is consumption demand, DI is disposable income, I is planned investment, G is government purchases, and all whole numbers are in billions of dollars. Determine the equilibrium level of production (GDP) in this economy (show your work), and draw this equilibrium situation on a graph. Use the multiplier to determine the change in equilibrium GDP that would result from an exogenous 16 billion dollar increase of government purchases. Then determine…Scroll down to "U.S. Trade in Goods and Services by Selected Countries and Areas, 1999 - Present" and download those spreadsheets. https://www.bea.gov/data/intl-trade-investment/international-trade-goods-and-services Using Table 1, to which three nations (not areas or regions) did the U.S. export the highest dollar value of goods and services in 2021? Using Table 1, to which three nations (not areas or regions) did the U.S. export the highest dollar value of goods and services in 2017?
- If a country's GDP is $10 trillion, its exports are $1 trillion, and its imports are $1.5 trillion, then its trade/GDP ratio is:If a country's economic data shows that private savings equal $300 million, government spending equals $400 million, taxes equal $300, and the trade surplus equals $100 million, then what does investment equal? (Enter 1 for 1 million)For an open economy: with no depreciation, GNP=GDP. imports are included in the calculation of GNP but not of GDP. more imports will, all the rest being constant, increase GNP. net international transfer payments are included in GNP but not in GDP.