Consider the hypothesis space defined over instances shown below, we characterize eac hypothesis (apple taste) by 4-tuples. Please hand trace the ID3 classifier to build a decisio tree, then predict the target value Taste=Sweet/Tart for the following instances: a) b) c) d) e) Now suppose the actual taste of the five apples above are actually "Sweet, Sweet, Sweet, Tart, Tart", what is the accuracy of the decision tree? Please show all the steps and include the corresponding confusion matrix for accuracy calculation. (10pts) Melon Color 1 Red 2 Red 3 Yellow 4 Yellow 5 Yellow 6 Yellow 7 Green 8 Red 9 Red 10 Yellow Crispiness Spot Fragrant None Yes None No None Yes Some No None No Some Yes Some No None Yes None No None Yes High High High Mid Low Mid Low Low Low Mid Taste Sweet Sweet Sweet Tart Sweet Tart Sweet Tart Sweet Sweet

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Inference in AI

The inference is finding a conclusion or result based on any data, events, and any information. Usually, there will be a set of conditions and the conclusion is made, which satisfies all the given conditions are true. The conclusion is made according to the inference rules. Any artificial intelligence agent or an intelligent system uses the inference engine to find a better result or output. The work of the inference engine is to analyze the fact and figures based on all circumstances. After the analysis, the machine concludes this fact and gives it to the agent. The agent uses this conclusion for further processing and decision-making. Intelligent systems will generate new logic from existing ones based on the facts.