Consider the following for loops in R. For each for loop, list the values (in order) that the variable i takes on in the body of the loop. Briefly (in no more than a few sentences) explain why. a) for(i in 1+2:3.4*5) { } b) for(i in dim(matrix(0, nr = 7, nc = 8))) { } c) for(i in rnorm(3)) { } d) for(i in iris[1:3,3]) { } e) for(j in c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) { } f) for(i in (function(x) x*x)(c(1, 2, 3))) { } g) for(i in NULL) { } h) for(i in strsplit(as.character(4*atan(1)),’’) [[1]][1:10]) { }

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Polynomial Time

The problems for which the deterministic polynomial-time algorithm exists belong to the complexity class (p) and it is central in the field of computational complexity theory. According to Cobham’s thesis, polynomial time is a synonym for “feasible”, “fast”, and “efficient”.