Consider the development of the internet through time, as well as the basis of technical infrastructure on which it now depends.
Consider the development of the internet through time, as well as the basis of technical infrastructure on which it now depends.
The internet has integrated seamlessly into modern life and has become an essential component of daily activities. Although the history of the internet began somewhere, it wasn't always this way. The internet's quick and dramatic evolution from basic computer networks to global interconnectivity and real-time wireless communications can be used to understand how technology and communications are developing.
Although the history of the internet begins in the 1960s, the internet as we know it does not exist until much later. A worldwide computer network is first proposed by MIT computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider in 1962. He subsequently discusses his concept with his teammates at the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The first wide-area computer network was created thanks to research on packet-switching theory by Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas Merrill, and Lawrence G. Roberts. In the future, Roberts publishes a blueprint for the ARPANET, an ARPA-funded computer network that debuts in 1969. The ARPANET expands during the coming years.
Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf work together to create a protocol in 1973 to connect various networks. This later develops into the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a system that connects many networks such that the others do not collapse if one network goes down. Robert Metcalfe creates a technique that uses cables to enable the movement of more data over a network when he is employed at Xerox. Although he calls this system Alto Aloha, Ethernet eventually replaces it. In the ensuing years, Ted Nelson suggests employing hypertext to arrange network information, and TCP/IP networks increasingly use Unix. Using a dial-up connection, Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin create a Unix-based system for data transmission over phone lines. USENET is created by this system.
University of Delaware's Dave Farber describes an attempt to create a low-cost network using dial-up phone lines. The first commercial network, Telenet, and ARPANET are both connected to the PhoneNet system, which is founded in 1982. This increases internet accessibility and enables global email contact between many countries. The release of Ethernet products for personal computers and computer workstations by Metcalfe's business 3Com in 1981 enables the creation of local area networks (LANs). The Domain Name System, developed by Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel, and Craig Partridge, makes use of domain names to control the growing number of internet users. The first domain, symbolics.com, which belonged to a computer firm, is registered in 1985.
The ARPANET is shut down in 1990. The World Wide Web's initial iteration is created by Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN by creating the hypertext markup language (HTML) and the universal resource location (URL). 1995 marks a turning point for the internet as Microsoft introduces Windows 95, eBay, Amazon, and Internet Explorer all go live, and Java is developed, enabling website animation and sparking a new wave of online activity. The Communications Decency Act was passed by Congress in 1996 in an effort to control the rising tide of offensive content on the internet. With his essay A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, John Perry Barlow responds. Google was established in 1998. With the introduction of Napster in 1999, the issue over music and video piracy became more intense. In 1999, the first internet virus that could duplicate and disseminate itself to a user's address book was found.
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