Consider N variables each taking K values. How many free parameters do we need to model the N variables as a joint probability table?

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
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Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
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Consider N variables each taking K values.

  1. How many free parameters do we need to model the N variables as a joint probability table?

  2. How many free parameters do we need to model the marginal probability of one variable?

Note: The number of parameters for all the marginal probabilities will be N times the answer to b). This number is smaller than the answer to a). This gives a hint that marginals are inadequate to define the joint probability. 

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