Consider following particles for particle swarm optimization to solve optimization problem where optimal solution is on zero. Initialize velocities values as per your choice within the range of 0.1 to 0.9. the initial values of particles is 12 before starting the PSO algorithm. P1=0.2 P2=0.5 P3=.34 P4=.45 P5=0.48 a)Compute the fitness of above particles using X2+X +1 functions, sort out the particle based on fitness, most optimal particle should be on top of the list. b)Update velocity and position of each particle where w=0.7, C1=C2=1.4, rand1=1, rand2=1
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.
Consider following particles for particle swarm optimization to solve optimization problem where optimal solution is on zero. Initialize velocities values as per your choice within the range of 0.1 to 0.9. the initial values of particles is 12 before starting the PSO algorithm.
P1=0.2
P2=0.5
P3=.34
P4=.45
P5=0.48
- a)Compute the fitness of above particles using X2+X +1 functions, sort out the particle based on fitness, most optimal particle should be on top of the list.
- b)Update velocity and position of each particle where w=0.7, C1=C2=1.4, rand1=1, rand2=1
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