Consider any(") + an-1Y + + aiy' + aoy = f(x) where an,...a1, ao E R, where an # 0. ... d (a) Let D = . Rewrite the left-hand side of the equation as A(y), where A is a linear operator. (Hint: Write A in terms of D) (b) In order to solve this ODE using Method of Undetermined Coefficients, we must be able to find another linear operator L such that L(f) = 0. Note that L must also be in terms of D. For what types of functions f can we find such an operator L? Explain.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
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Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Consider any(n) + an-1y(n-1) + ... + a1y' + aoy = f(x) where an,...a1, ao E R, where an # 0.
(a) Let D
operator. (Hint: Write A in terms of D)
d
dx:
Rewrite the left-hand side of the equation as A(y), where A is a linear
(b) In order to solve this ODE using Method of Undetermined Coefficients, we must be able
to find another linear operator L such that L(f) = 0. Note that L must also be in terms
of D. For what types of functions f can we find such an operator L? Explain.
%3|
(c) Suppose we can find L such that L(f) = 0. What is Lo A?
(d) Construct an example of a constant-coefficient, linear, non-homogeneous ODE. Find L
and solve by applying L to both sides of the equation. Note that this method is essentially
the rigorous version of Method of Undetermined Coefficients.
(e) (Bonus question if you're interested, think about linear algebra to answer this) Must L
be injective for this method to make sense? Is L injective? Discuss.
Transcribed Image Text:1. Consider any(n) + an-1y(n-1) + ... + a1y' + aoy = f(x) where an,...a1, ao E R, where an # 0. (a) Let D operator. (Hint: Write A in terms of D) d dx: Rewrite the left-hand side of the equation as A(y), where A is a linear (b) In order to solve this ODE using Method of Undetermined Coefficients, we must be able to find another linear operator L such that L(f) = 0. Note that L must also be in terms of D. For what types of functions f can we find such an operator L? Explain. %3| (c) Suppose we can find L such that L(f) = 0. What is Lo A? (d) Construct an example of a constant-coefficient, linear, non-homogeneous ODE. Find L and solve by applying L to both sides of the equation. Note that this method is essentially the rigorous version of Method of Undetermined Coefficients. (e) (Bonus question if you're interested, think about linear algebra to answer this) Must L be injective for this method to make sense? Is L injective? Discuss.
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