Consider an emission tax and an emission standard as regulatory policies. a. Which policy, an emission tax or an emission standard, provides a greater incentive to the polluters to undertake research and development to reduce MAC? Assume the policy (that is, the tax rate or the standard), cannot be changed once the

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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Consider an emission tax and an emission
standard as regulatory policies.
a. Which policy, an emission tax or an
emission standard, provides a greater
incentive to the polluters to undertake
research and development to reduce MAC?
Assume the policy (that is, the tax rate or the
standard), cannot be changed once the
innovation has occurred. Illustrate your
answer using any relevant diagrams.
b. Now suppose the policy (that is, the tax
rate or the standard), can be changed
optimally by the government once the
innovation has occurred. Show the optimal
tax rates and emission standards before and
after the innovation on your diagrams. Under
this new assumption, which policy, an
emission tax or an emission standard,
provides a greater incentive to the polluters to
undertake research and development to
reduce MAC?
Transcribed Image Text:Consider an emission tax and an emission standard as regulatory policies. a. Which policy, an emission tax or an emission standard, provides a greater incentive to the polluters to undertake research and development to reduce MAC? Assume the policy (that is, the tax rate or the standard), cannot be changed once the innovation has occurred. Illustrate your answer using any relevant diagrams. b. Now suppose the policy (that is, the tax rate or the standard), can be changed optimally by the government once the innovation has occurred. Show the optimal tax rates and emission standards before and after the innovation on your diagrams. Under this new assumption, which policy, an emission tax or an emission standard, provides a greater incentive to the polluters to undertake research and development to reduce MAC?
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