consider a population of N = 90 units of which 9 are non-conforming. We take a simple random sample of size n = 12. We give the labels1,2,. . . , 12 to non-conforming units and labels 13,17,. . . , 90 to conforming units. (A) What is the probability that there are exactly 2 non-conforming observations in the sample? (B) What is the probability that 15 is in the sample? (C) What is the probability that units 15 and 90 are in the sample? (D) What is the sampling rate?

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.