Consider a large number of countries around the world.  There is a positive correlation between the number of Nintendo games per person (x) and the average life expectancy (y).  Does this mean that we can increase the life expectancy in a country by shipping more Nintendo games to that country? 1 Yes. As long as a correlation is positive, we can conclude that one variable causes the other. 2 No. We can only conclude that one variable causes another if the variables are negatively correlated. 3 Yes, but it will depend on how strong the correlation is; as long as the correlation is larger than 0.70, we can conclude that one variable causes the other. 3 No. An association between two variables does not mean that one variable causes the other.

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