Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Question

Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages
and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed
in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The
last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum
number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there
are no pipeline stalls.
Answer: 9

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Consider a non-pipelined processor with a clock rate of 2.5 gigahertz and average cycles per instruction of 4. The same processor is upgraded to a pipelined processor with five stages, but due to the internal pipeline delay, the clock speed is reduced to 2 gigahertz. Assume there are no stalls in the pipeline. What is the speed up achieved in this pipelined processor? 5
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Calculate the CPU execution time (expressed in milliseconds) of a program with 10 million instructions on a 2.5 GHz CPU with the following basic instruction-type breakdowns and CPIs: Arithmetic: 60%, CPI = 2 Load & Store (assuming perfect caches): 25%, CPI = 5 Branching: 15%, CPI = 3 In addition, you are told that the overall cache miss rate for instructions is 1%, the overall cache miss rate for data is 3%, and the cache miss penalty is 100 cycles. You can ignore the hit time (consider it zero).
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