Consider a downlink communication from base station to mobile user. The carrier frequency is 6 GHz and the channel bandwidth is 5 MHz. The transmit antenna gain is 8 dB and the receive antenna gain is -5 dB. The fading margin is 15 dB. The path loss follows the breakpoint model with break distance dbreak = 50 m and the power exponent n = 3. The transmit power of base station is 80 Watts. The minimum received SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) is 12 dB. Assume that there are no other losses, use link budget to find out the distance the base station can cover.

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Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.