Compute the sample mean , standard deviation §, and the coefficient of skewness, g1, for RDEN and ACCEL. Construct stem-and-leaf plots for each set. Comment on the distributions. Plot the scatter diagram and calculate the correlation coefficient r. What conclusions can be reached?

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.1. Earthquake records. Measurements of engineering interest have been recorded
during earthquakes in Japan and in other parts of the world since 1800. One
of the critical recordings is of apparent relative density, RDEN. After the com-
mencement of a strong earthquake, a saturated fine, loose sand undergoes vibra-
tory motion and consequently the sand may liquefy without retaining any shear
strength, thus behaving like a dense liquid. This will lead to failures in structures
supported by the liquefied sand. These are often catastrophic. The standard pen-
etration test is used to measure RDEN. Another measurement taken to estimate
the prospect of liquefaction is that of the intensity at which the ground shakes.
This is the peak surface acceleration of the soil during the earthquake, ACCEL.
The data are from J. T. Christian and W. F. Swiger (1975), J. Geotech. Eng. Div.,
Proc. ASCE, 101, GT111, 1135–1150, and are reproduced by permission of the
publisher (ASCE):
RDEN ACCEL
RDEN ACCEL
RDEN ACCEL
(%)
(units of g)
(%)
(units of g)
(%)
(units of g)
53
0.219
30
0.138
50
0.313
64
0.219
72
0.422
44
0.224
53
0.146
90
0.556
100
0.231
64
0.146
40
0.447
65
0.334
65
0.684
50
0.547
68
0.419
55
0.611
55
0.204
78
0.352
75
0.591
50
0.170
58
0.363
72
0.522
55
0.170
80
0.291
40
0.258
75
0.192
55
0.314
58
0.250
53
0.292
100
0.377
43
0.283
70
0.299
100
0.434
32
0.419
64
0.292
52
0.350
40
0.123
53
0.225
58
0.334
| Note: g denotes acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²).
Compute the sample mean x, standard deviation §, and the coefficient of skewness,
81, for RDEN and ACCEL. Construct stem-and-leaf plots for each set. Comment on
the distributions. Plot the scatter diagram and calculate the correlation coefficient
r. What conclusions can be reached?
Transcribed Image Text:.1. Earthquake records. Measurements of engineering interest have been recorded during earthquakes in Japan and in other parts of the world since 1800. One of the critical recordings is of apparent relative density, RDEN. After the com- mencement of a strong earthquake, a saturated fine, loose sand undergoes vibra- tory motion and consequently the sand may liquefy without retaining any shear strength, thus behaving like a dense liquid. This will lead to failures in structures supported by the liquefied sand. These are often catastrophic. The standard pen- etration test is used to measure RDEN. Another measurement taken to estimate the prospect of liquefaction is that of the intensity at which the ground shakes. This is the peak surface acceleration of the soil during the earthquake, ACCEL. The data are from J. T. Christian and W. F. Swiger (1975), J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Proc. ASCE, 101, GT111, 1135–1150, and are reproduced by permission of the publisher (ASCE): RDEN ACCEL RDEN ACCEL RDEN ACCEL (%) (units of g) (%) (units of g) (%) (units of g) 53 0.219 30 0.138 50 0.313 64 0.219 72 0.422 44 0.224 53 0.146 90 0.556 100 0.231 64 0.146 40 0.447 65 0.334 65 0.684 50 0.547 68 0.419 55 0.611 55 0.204 78 0.352 75 0.591 50 0.170 58 0.363 72 0.522 55 0.170 80 0.291 40 0.258 75 0.192 55 0.314 58 0.250 53 0.292 100 0.377 43 0.283 70 0.299 100 0.434 32 0.419 64 0.292 52 0.350 40 0.123 53 0.225 58 0.334 | Note: g denotes acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²). Compute the sample mean x, standard deviation §, and the coefficient of skewness, 81, for RDEN and ACCEL. Construct stem-and-leaf plots for each set. Comment on the distributions. Plot the scatter diagram and calculate the correlation coefficient r. What conclusions can be reached?
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