Craps. In the game of craps, a player rolls two balanced dice. Thirty-six equally likely outcomes are possible. Let FIGURE Possible outcomes for rolling a pair of dice A= event the sum of the dice is 7, B= event the sum of the dice is 11, C= event the sum of the dice is 2, D= event the sum of the dice is 3, E= event the sum of the dice is 12, F= event the sum of the dice is 8, and G= event doubles are rolled. a. Compute the probability of each of the seven events. b. The player wins on the first roll if the sum of the dice is 7 or 11. Find the probability of that event by using the special addition rule and your answers from part (a). c. The player loses on the first roll if the sum of the dice is 2, 3, or 12. Determine the probability of that event by using the special addition rule and your answers from part (a). d. Compute the probability that either the sum of the dice is 8 or doubles are rolled, without using the general addition rule. e. Compute the probability that either the sum of the dice is 8 or doubles are rolled by using the general addition rule, and compare your answer to the one you obtained in part (d).
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
Craps. In the game of craps, a player rolls two balanced dice. Thirty-six equally likely outcomes are possible. Let
FIGURE Possible outcomes for rolling a pair of dice
A=
B= event the sum of the dice is 11,
C= event the sum of the dice is 2,
D= event the sum of the dice is 3,
E= event the sum of the dice is 12,
F= event the sum of the dice is 8, and
G= event doubles are rolled.
a. Compute the
b. The player wins on the first roll if the sum of the dice is 7 or 11. Find the probability of that event by using the special
c. The player loses on the first roll if the sum of the dice is 2, 3, or 12. Determine the probability of that event by using the special addition rule and your answers from part (a).
d. Compute the probability that either the sum of the dice is 8 or doubles are rolled, without using the general addition rule.
e. Compute the probability that either the sum of the dice is 8 or doubles are rolled by using the general addition rule, and compare your answer to the one you obtained in part (d).
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