### Educational Content: Arrow-Pushing Mechanism and Organic Reaction#### Reaction OverviewThe reaction involves treating 1-chloro-2,2-dideuteroethane (ClCH₂CD₂CH₃) with hydroxide in ethanol. The aim is to predict the major organic product using the curved arrow electron-pushing mechanism.#### Reactants- **Hydroxide Ion (HO⁻)**: Shown with a lone pair of electrons.- **1-chloro-2,2-dideuteroethane**: Structure includes a chlorine atom bonded to a carbon, two deuterium (D) atoms, and a methyl (CH₃) group.#### Reaction Process- **Initial Attack**: The lone pair of electrons on the hydroxide ion attacks the carbon bonded to chlorine, initiating a substitution reaction.- **Leaving Group**: The chloride ion (Cl⁻) is shown leaving the carbon chain as the C-Cl bond breaks.#### Product FormationThe product is an alcohol:- **2,2-Dideuteropropanol Structure**: - The -OH group replaces the chlorine atom. - The carbon atoms are connected with one carbon bearing two deuterium atoms, and another connected to a methyl group. - Lone pairs on the oxygen of the hydroxyl group and the chloride ion are depicted.#### Diagram Descriptions1. **Left Diagram (Curved Arrows)**: - Shows electron movement: a curved arrow from the hydroxide's lone pair to the carbon atom indicates nucleophilic attack. - Another arrow from the C-Cl bond towards the chlorine indicates bond-breaking and chloride leaving.2. **Right Diagram (Product Structure)**: - Portrays the organic product (alcohol) with relevant lone pairs on oxygen. - The chloride ion is shown as a separate species with lone pairs.This mechanism exemplifies a typical nucleophilic substitution reaction, highlighting the importance of understanding electron movement in predicting reaction products in organic chemistry. **Question 2 of 28****Chemical Reaction Mechanism Diagram:**The diagram on the top left depicts a molecular reaction mechanism. It shows curved arrows indicating electron movement. There are carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms labeled, with bonds and bond-breaking shown.**Chemical Structure:**The top right diagram presents a chemical structure with two carbon atoms double-bonded to each other, labeled as H₃C-C=C-CH₃.**Question:**"Select the option that describes the mechanism of the reaction."**Options:**- SN2- E1- E2- SN1 (selected option)**Feedback:**The answer selected, "SN1," is marked as "Incorrect."

Whether a reaction will follow SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 pathway, depends on several factors ----Nature of the reactant or leaving groupNucleophilicity or basicity of the nucleophileNature of the solventTemperature of the reaction mediumSN2 ans E2 : These two reactions proceed through a concerted mechanism. No charged intermediates are formed in the reaction.SN1 and E1 : In these two reaction pathways, carbocation is formed as an intermediate. The stability of the carbocation determines the overall rate of the reactions.The leaving group (Chlorine atom) attached to a primary sp3 carbon center, which promotes SN2 and E2 reactions.The hydroxide ion is a good base and good nucleophile that favours both elimination and substitution reactions.The chloride ion is a good leaving group promotes both elimination and substitution reactions.No heat is added to the reaction medium i.e. the reaction occurs at the room temperature implies the reaction is a substitution reaction.So, the reaction will follow SN2 pathway.This is an SN2 reaction.Option-A is the correct answer.

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Chemistry

Complete the curved arrow electron-pushing mechanism and predict the major organic product of the reaction when CICH₂CD₂CH₂ is treated with hydroxide in ethanol as shown in the image. :CI: CH3CH₂OH H-O: + H( H ICH 3 D D Product + :CI:

Complete the curved arrow electron-pushing mechanism and predict the major organic product of the reaction when CICH₂CD₂CH₂ is treated with hydroxide in ethanol as shown in the image. :CI: CH3CH₂OH H-O: + H( H ICH 3 D D Product + :CI:

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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