Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Title: Balancing Half-Reactions in Acidic Solutions**
**Problem Statement:**
Complete and balance the following half-reaction in acidic solution:
\[ \text{Bi}^{3+}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{BiO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) \]
**Instructions:**
To balance this half-reaction, consider the following steps:
1. **Identify Oxidation States:**
- Determine the oxidation states of the elements involved to recognize whether the reaction involves oxidation or reduction.
2. **Balance Atoms Other Than Oxygen and Hydrogen:**
- Initially, make sure that the number of bismuth (Bi) atoms on both sides is equal.
3. **Balance Oxygen Atoms:**
- Add water molecules (H₂O) to balance the oxygen atoms.
4. **Balance Hydrogen Atoms:**
- Add hydrogen ions (H⁺) to balance the hydrogen atoms from the added water molecules.
5. **Balance Charge:**
- Add electrons (e⁻) to one side of the reaction to equalize the charges on both sides.
**Note:**
- In acidic solutions, balance reactions by adding \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) to balance oxygen atoms and \(\text{H}^+\) ions to balance hydrogen atoms. Use electrons to balance the overall charge.
- Ensure that the number of electrons added equals those gained or lost during the reaction to satisfy charge conservation.
**Example:**
The balanced reaction might look as follows:
\[ \text{Bi}^{3+}(\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow \text{BiO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) + \text{H}^+(aq) \]
**Conclusion:**
Careful analysis and balancing of the reaction steps ensure a complete and accurate representation of the chemical process occurring in the solution. Understanding such reactions is crucial for mastering redox processes in chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe86e9ee4-7ab3-4100-a8e3-37a640256b99%2Ffb841720-3db8-44bb-ab3c-93b8344a69c7%2Fiqxsf6v_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Balancing Half-Reactions in Acidic Solutions**
**Problem Statement:**
Complete and balance the following half-reaction in acidic solution:
\[ \text{Bi}^{3+}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{BiO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) \]
**Instructions:**
To balance this half-reaction, consider the following steps:
1. **Identify Oxidation States:**
- Determine the oxidation states of the elements involved to recognize whether the reaction involves oxidation or reduction.
2. **Balance Atoms Other Than Oxygen and Hydrogen:**
- Initially, make sure that the number of bismuth (Bi) atoms on both sides is equal.
3. **Balance Oxygen Atoms:**
- Add water molecules (H₂O) to balance the oxygen atoms.
4. **Balance Hydrogen Atoms:**
- Add hydrogen ions (H⁺) to balance the hydrogen atoms from the added water molecules.
5. **Balance Charge:**
- Add electrons (e⁻) to one side of the reaction to equalize the charges on both sides.
**Note:**
- In acidic solutions, balance reactions by adding \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) to balance oxygen atoms and \(\text{H}^+\) ions to balance hydrogen atoms. Use electrons to balance the overall charge.
- Ensure that the number of electrons added equals those gained or lost during the reaction to satisfy charge conservation.
**Example:**
The balanced reaction might look as follows:
\[ \text{Bi}^{3+}(\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow \text{BiO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) + \text{H}^+(aq) \]
**Conclusion:**
Careful analysis and balancing of the reaction steps ensure a complete and accurate representation of the chemical process occurring in the solution. Understanding such reactions is crucial for mastering redox processes in chemistry.
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