Compare the structural and functional differences between chlorosomes and thylakoid membranes. Do you think this is an example of convergent evolution—two structures evolving separately to fulfill the same function, or divergent evolution—two structures that arose from a single ancestor but adapted to meet the particular needs of the organism that bears them? What other data would you need (apart from structure and function) to answer this question

Compare the structural and functional differences between chlorosomes and thylakoid membranes. Do you think this is an example of convergent evolution—two structures evolving separately to fulfill the same function, or divergent evolution—two structures that arose from a single ancestor but adapted to meet the particular needs of the organism that bears them? What other data would you need (apart from structure and function) to answer this question

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter28: Seedless Plants

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ITD

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Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.

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Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.
Now imagine that you are pretty wimpy ancestral eukaryotic cell, incapable of either cellular respiration or photosynthesis. Writing in the first person (from the "" perspective), please describe the evolutionary process by which you and your offspring ultimately evolved into the first amazing plant cell, which was capable of BOTH cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In your response, be sure to demonstrate your understanding of the following: the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the major cellular organelles, natural selection, the basic structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as the types of macromolecules that make up these organelles.
In lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplast. A few scientists think that peroxisomes also have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, although most scientists disagree with this hypothesis. Which of the following hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes evolved from bacteria? Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes. All of these hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin. Identifying the presence of DNA within peroxisomes. Determining that the majority of proteins in peroxisomes have eukaryotic origin.
Which of the following observations constitutes evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? Mitochondria are aerobic. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic. Aerobic bacteria evolved before photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some protists have separately evolved their own plastids (chloroplast-like structures) through endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria, or even through endosymbiosis of photosynthetic protists. All Eukaryotes have mitochondria; only a subset of Eukaryotes have chloroplasts.
Giardia is a protozoan parasite that lacks mitochondria. Based on the figure below, what could be the explanation for this. Explain your reasoning.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the DNA of free-living photosynthesizing bacteria called cyanobacteria have been found to share a high number of similarities. Which of the following claims best supports this finding? A Chloroplasts act as a reserve for some of the extra cpDNA of the cell. B с D Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from an endosymbiosis event. Chloroplasts have the capacity to exist as free-living bacteria outside of the cell. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria evolved independently.
Imagine you are working in a lab and studying three species of yeast, which are eukaryotic organisms. The first species (Species A) of yeast generates ATP using aerobic cellular respiration. The second species of yeast (Species B) generates ATP using alcohol fermentation. The third species of yeast (Species C) generates ATP using lactic acid fermentation. Which of the following statements are true? All of the other answers are true. Only Species A can grow without oxygen. Species B needs to use 15-16 molecules of glucose to generate the same amount of ATP that is made by Species A using one molecule of glucose. Species C produces more carbon dioxide than does Species B.
The theory endosymbiosis is important in understanding how mitochondria and eukaryotic cells may have evolved.what structure is central to the concept of endosymbiosis
The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membrane
According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is NOT true about the evolution of life on earth? Eukaryotes and prokaryotes appeared at about the same time and evolved independently from each other. O None of the other four answers (all are true statements) Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes Mitochondria and chloroplasts are in some ways similar to prokaryotes The first life on earth was simple organisms, similar to today's prokaryotes
A scientist discovered a new group of unicellular organisms that lack mitochondria but possess an organelle related to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in energy production. The scientist hypothesizes that this organelle might be a missing link in the evolution of mitochondria. A) Do you agree with this hypothesis? Explain. B) Based on the available evidence, what is the most likely hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria? Provide four pieces of evidence to support this theory and justify why they are valid.
Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory? A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system. B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria. D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.