Compare the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the microbiomeof a healthy adult’s intestinal tract to that in a healthy stomach (see Figure 41.18). Suggest a possibleexplanation for why the microbiome composition in the two organs is different even though theintestine and stomach are directly connected.

Q: Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose…

A: Introduction A toxin is a poisonous substance or harmful substance produced within living cells or…

Q: Describe the ways that normal gut flora can benefit the human host

A: The human gut's microbiota ecosystem, which contains 10¹⁴ microbes (ten times more than human cells)…

Q: Using figure  (reproduced below) as a guide, explain theprocesses occurring between Salmonella…

A: Bacteria are microorganism that most commonly occur in the soil, air, water and in adverse…

Q: Is the human gut microbiome contains trillions of microbes that both influence and are influenced by…

A: The gut microbiome basically implies the composite microbial genome found in the mammalian…

Q: Most healthy and some abnormal gut microbiomes that have a high diversity of taxonomic groups are…

A: Yes, this in fact true that microbiomes in our gut are likely to be resistant to manipulation…

Q: 17. Consider the correlation between microbiome and obesity. a) Fill in the blank. When compared to…

A: Energy homeostasis is the integration of afferent impulses by the central nervous system to regulate…

Q: Why must the antitoxin be administered in the earliest phases of botulism?

A: BOTULISMBotulism is a disease condition caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is an…

Q: List the four genera of bacteria that cause opportunistic infectionsand are physiologically similar…

A: Two genera in the group of proteobacteria are similar to Pseudoznonas in their physiology and…

Q: Which disease has an environmental reservoir (i.e., soil, water)? A) O pneumonia B) O rabies C) O…

A: Natural reservoirs are a specific population or environment of the organism that act as reservoirs…

Q: Your father, age 74, has been recovering in a rehabilitation center from a hip fracture. He has…

A: C. diff or Clostridioides difficile refers to the infection of the colon that leads to severe…

Q: Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce an exotoxin or endotoxin Discuss how this affects the host.…

A: This question is based on the mycobacterium tuberculosis and the difference between endotoxin and…

Q: Name three genera of noncoliform enteric bacteria that are opportunisticpathogens.

A: Enterobacteriaceae are a group of Gram-negative bacteria. Many of these bacteria are natives in the…

Q: Using an online research tool such as the A-Z index on the CDC website, explain why Listeria…

A: Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial species responsible for causing listeriosis. The disease is…

Q: Does steadiness of adult microbiome transition with age? Explain

A: Microbiome (or Microbiota): It is defined as the genetic material of all the micro organisms that…

Q: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Discuss the interactions this microbe…

A: Chlamydia are gram negative obligate intracellular bacteria. As they lack peptidoglycan therefore…

Q: human gut microbiome can respond to disturbance in four ways.

A: The human gut is constituted by the gastrointestinal tract. The gut consists of a long tube that…

Q: Describe three different ways in which exotoxins can be transported from a human pathogenic…

A: The release of toxins into the surrounding environment, regardless of when released, outcomes in the…

Q: In 2005, J. Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall shared theNobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the…

A: Gastritis is a medical condition that occurs due to the inflammation of the stomach lining. The…

Q: O Necrotizing fasciitis which is commonly caused by S. epidermidis O Staphylococcal scalded skin…

A: It usually happens in the gas gangrene where the pain is disproportionate to the appearance of…

Q: The most common preferred portal(s) of entry for human pathogens is (are): 1. Mucous membranes…

A: The infectious agents enters the body through the various of the portals including the skin ,…

Q: 3) Make the match with the terms and definitions Bioinert Undergoes degradation in the body and can…

A: 3. Bioinert biomaterials: A bioinert biomaterial can be defined as any material that upon placing on…

Q: Fill in the table below. Comparison of E. histolytica from other intestinal commensals. Amoeba Size…

A: An amoeba is a type of single-celled eukaryotic organism that belongs to the phylum Amoebozoa.…

Q: Briefly state the role microorganisms play in each of the following: ▪ normal microbiota ▪…

A: Introduction: Biotechnology is the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other…

Q: The antibiotic kanamycin binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with…

A: There are three domains of life archebacteria, bacteria and eukarya. Bacteria are considered…

Q: a. Why is it unlikely that diseases such as tetanus and botulism willever be completely…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: Identifying an unknown bacterium is an essential step in the diagnosis and treatment process. Since…

A: An antibiotic is a type of medication used to treat bacterial infections. It works by either killing…

Q: With Entamoeba histolytica, the worst human transmitters of disease to other humans are people with…

A: Introduction Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that lives in the large intestine of…

Q: Why is it not possible to use Koch’s postulates to show that Treponema pallidum causes syphilis?

A: Syphilis care categorized as a sexually transmitted disease, and causes infections that affect the…

Q: Which one(s) is/are more harmful to the host and why? A) Antifungal agents B) antiprotozoal agents…

A: Ani fungal drugs are the most harmful to human body even more than the anti protozoal agents and the…

Q: Mechanism of delta endotoxin action: proteolysis, binding of cry toxins to specific receptors in the…

A: Introduction Endotoxin is a toxic component found in the outer membrane of some gram-negative…

Q: Students in our classes sometimes ask how it is possible for a singleenteric carrier to infect 1,000…

A: An outbreak is a sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease. It can be community or…

Q: Targeted metagenomics is helping researchers better understand the complex connectios between diet,…

A: As we can see in the pie charts that Bacteriodetes make 35.44% in patients without cekiac disease…

Q: Compare the particular type of host cell that is critical for the initial establishment of an…

A: Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae…

Q: Two microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of…

A: A neurotoxin isolated from the clostridium botulinum bacteria (can cause food poisoning) is Botox…

Q: Compare and contrast the virulence factors and signs and symptoms of infections with the four main…

A: E.coli also known as Escherichia coli is a rod shaped coliform bacteria which generally lives in…

Q: Name one characteristic that makes the stomach a less suitable environment for pathogens

A: Stomach is the largest part of elementary canal it has sac like appearance. It is the part of…

Q: Name four different pathogenic groups of Escherichia coli.

A: Escherichia coli Bacteria normally leaves in the intestine of animals including Humans. Most of them…

Q: When a food handler doesn't wash their hands after using the bathroom and introduces noravirus…

A: Introduction  Any change in the body's physicality or function causing discomfort or disability is…

Q: Match the description listed below to the correct bacterium. Grows in intestine of ruminants like…

A: The bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms. The disease causing strains of bacteria are…

Q: a. What are the distinctive morphological traits of Corynebacterium?b. How can the pseudomembrane be…

A: Note : We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…