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Compare oogenesis to spermatogenesis. How are the two processes similar? How do they differ? (Consider both follicle and sperm structure throughout development as well as the timing of the stages.)
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- Describe the development of an oocyte from primordial follicle to when it is released at ovulation. How do hormones contribute to this progression? Describe the development of a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa. How do hormones contribute to this progression? What is the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells?List three ways in which oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis. Be specific!What is the function of each part of the diagram?Male Reproductive System: What two phases of a person's life do testosterone determine "male" development? Consider both gonadal and brain development, as outlined in the slides, as well as secondary sex characteristics. What does this imply about gender identity later in life? Female Reproductive System:Label this diagram. What is the function of each part of the diagram? Explain IN DETAIL how the following figure describes one month in a woman's life between puberty and menopause. What is happening day by day? What happens at puberty to get it started and what happens at menopause to end it?
- Describe the development of reproductive organs in a fetus of each gender. Which genes, gene products, and hormones are involved in the sex differences? Which sex- related hormones are circulating in high concentrations in a pregnant woman compared to a nonpregnant woman? Do these hormones cross the placenta (if you are uncertain, consider hormone chemical class relative to membrane permeability to make an educated guess)? Assuming these hormones do cross the placenta, how do they affect the hormonal environment inside the fetus, and how does this relate to fetal reproductive development?There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?Describe the process of ovulation, the hormone involved and what is released into the Fallopian tube (It isn’t just the oocyte) . At what stage of meiosis is the secondary oocyte? What is the life expectancy of the secondary oocyte?
- What happens if an oocyte combines with sperm? Describe the processes involved in implantation. Mention what is occurring, where it is occurring, and any significant hormones involved. How does the zygote make its way through the uterine tube? Women who smoke cigarettes have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy because the chemicals they absorb paralyze cilia all through the body. Explain.If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues to produce hormones under the direction of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG), which is produced by the embryo. By the third month, what begins to produce estradiol and progesterone?State two key differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
- Describe the basic histology of the oviduct. How does the histology of the uterus change at different stages of the menstrual cycle? Outline the female reproductive cycle, linking hormone secretion to follicular development and uterine histology. What are some distinctive features of vaginal histology? What is the anatomical and histological organization of the mammary gland and how does this change during pregnancy and lactation?If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an animal through theirvarious stages of oogenesis, how many secondary oocytes wouldbe formed? How many first polar bodies would be formed? Howmany ootids would be formed? If one follows 50 primary spermatocytes in an animal through their various stages of spermatogenesis, how many secondary spermatocytes would beformed? How many spermatids would be formed?In-vitro fertilization occurs in the laboratory. The resulting embryos remain in a laboratory culture for up to six days before being transferred to the potential mother. If fertilization had occurred naturally (i.e., inside the female reproductive system instead of in-vitro), where would the embryo be and what developmental processes would it be undergoing during those first six days of development?
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