Compare and contrast major characteristics of exotoxins and endotoxins. Characteristic Exotoxins Endotoxins Toxicity     Effects on the body     Chemical composition     Heat denaturation at 60°C     Toxoid formation     Immune response     Fever stimulation     Manner of release     Typical sources

Q: Which of the following will include induce fever?

A: The general ability of a body to recognize and neutralize or destroy the foreign substance or resist…

Q: Increase in body temperature should increase the rate of metabolism of microbes instead of killing…

A: A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person…

Q: contain undigested material and are used by the body from future infections. residual bodies, immune…

A: White blood cells are cells present in plasma of human body to protect them from infections.  WBC…

Q: Which of the following would represent an "opportunity" for an opportunistic pathogen?…

A: The term "opportunistic pathogen" refers to an infectious pathogen that is regularly found in the…

Q: An infection that starts in one location but is allowed to spread through the body is called a…

A: Infection begins when the pathogens like bacteria or virus enter our body and may causes deleterious…

Q: Some of the following are membrane disrupting toxins. Mark all that apply. O Cytokines ✔ Hemolysins…

A: In biology, a membrane is a thin layer which serves as a live cell's or inner cell compartment's…

Q: Which of the following statements is true?   HIV typically causes AIDs within the first year of…

A: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes the acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). It…

Q: A strain of Shigella has a mutation causing it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become…

A: Shigella is a type of bacteria that causes shigellosis, a common bacterial infection that affects…

Q: The immune cell that would expand most during a parasitic infection would be?     neutrophil…

A: There is a crucial function for the immune system: it defends the body from infectious chemicals,…

Q: Clot and scab formation occur as part of this process: Group of answer choices   cytolysis…

A: clots, which turn into scabs as they dry, are created by a type of blood cell called a platelet. The…

Q: Bacteria can avoid being swallowed by phagocytic white blood cells producing which virulence factor?…

A: When bacteria enter inside the body then the antigens present on the bacteria can be recognized by…

Q: The most specific of the body's defenses against a particular disease is:     physical barrier…

A: The immune system of our body provides two different types of immunity - innate immunity and…

Q: Bacillus thuringiensis: production of endotoxin and mechanism of action

A: Bacillus thuringiensis: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium that…

Q: Which is not an effector Tlymphocyte? cytoxic T lymphocyte helper T lymphocyte memory T lymphocyte

A: Human body has an extremely well developed immune system for the protection against pathogens. Human…

Q: People with peanut allergies could go into anaphylactic shock (chapter 14, section 14.7) if they are…

A: Allergic reaction also called hypersensitivity is induced by allergens(antigens) which are not…

Q: Exotoxins Endotoxins Chemical makeup General source Degree of toxicity Effects on cells Symptoms in…

A: Cells are affected by chemicals that confer toxic effects on them. The toxins can be classified as…

Q: Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes: 1. Salmonella typhimurium 2.…

A: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infection. They engulf and…

Q: Explain what exotoxins are, including how they are different from endotoxins in structure, function…

A: Answer: Introduction: Endotoxins means a lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes that are produced by…

Q: A virulence factor that works by eliminating red blood cells and other cells and tissues,…

A: Virulence factors are molecules or characteristics possessed by pathogens that contribute to their…

Q: With reference to sepsis provide an exploration of this, Cybil 58 years, fever 38,6, wound, swollen…

A: Sepsis is a critical condition of the whole body in response to infection or bacteremia resulting in…

Q: Infectious dose can determine whether or not an individual becomes ill with a given pathogen. True O…

A: Infection does can determine whether or not an individual become ill with a given pathoge , that is…

Q: Match the chemical mediators with their specific function:  sebum oleic acid lactate cerumen…

A: Chemical mediators are the chemical compounds released by our body as a response to some external…

Q: All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host cell…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.…

Q: An important feature of many wounds that may lead to more serious problems is that they are nutrient…

A: Wounds  Wounds is the injuries that torn, cut, scratch skin of some other tissues of the body.

Q: Match the steps of phagocytosis with the description. Chemotaxis [ Choose ] Binding [ Choose ] […

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: Which antimicrobial protein triggers inflammation?     Which antimicrobial protein triggers…

A: An antimicrobial protein is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.Inflammation is…

Q: True/False: Mucosal surfaces and external epithelia are major routes of pathogenic infection.…

A: Microorganisms are ubiquitous, that is they are present everywhere. The organisms that cause…

Q: Antifungal medication prescribed to someone with athlete's foot is targeting which component of the…

A: Scientists have created the Epidemiologic Triangle as a tool for analysing health issues. Your kids'…

Q: which of the following is a chemical defense found on all epithelial surfaces of the body?  Lysozme…

A: Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme that is present in the tears,saliva,milk and mucus,etc.…

Q: #6 ONLY

A: As discussed in the passage above, the Tetanus vaccine includes the DTaP vaccine, DT vaccine, Tdap…

Q: Microbes and/or their products (endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides) : of all inflammations. are the…

A: The given statement is a false statement The underlying cause of inflammations is infectious agents…

Q: poison ivy

A: POISON IVY:     Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as poison ivy, is a plant that can lead to an…

Q: Which is not a second-line, non-specific defense? inflammation IgA on mucous membranes…

A: Immunology is a branch of biology which deals with the study of immune systems and their responses.…

Q: All of the following might lead to a disease caused by an opportunistic pathogen except __________.…

A: INTRODUCTION Opportunistic infection This is the type of infection happened in the people with…

Q: Why is ingest allergies often more severe and more dangerous than inhaled allergies

A:

Q: Drag the labels to correctly relate host cells to the defense processes they carry out. Active in…

A: White blood cells or WBCs are responsible for giving protection against any foreign particles.…

Q: An antibody binding to an antigen within the body can have which of the following outcomes that…

A: The term 'Antibody' defines certain proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and act against…

Wound infections

A wound is damaged or breaks in the surface of the skin. The wound is divided into two types, they are acute wound that includes minor cuts, laceration, bites, etc, and chronic wounds that can become slow to heal including ulcers on the legs and feet. Redness, pain, and swelling are signs of a wound.