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CO2 concentration is 440 ppm in the atmosphere. How much CO2 is dissolved in water (in terms of mg/L) when pH=4, 7, and 10? Assume steady-state, atmospheric pressure at 1 atm and temperature at 298 K.

CO2 concentration is 440 ppm in the atmosphere. How much CO2 is dissolved in water (in terms of mg/L) when pH=4, 7, and 10? Assume steady-state, atmospheric pressure at 1 atm and temperature at 298 K.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Text Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Topic: Calculation of Dissolved CO₂ in Water** CO₂ concentration is 440 ppm in the atmosphere. How much CO₂ is dissolved in water (in terms of mg/L) when pH=4, 7, and 10? Assume steady-state, atmospheric pressure at 1 atm and temperature at 298 K. --- **Explanation:** This text discusses the dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in water under specific environmental conditions. Given an atmospheric CO₂ concentration of 440 parts per million (ppm), the task is to calculate how much CO₂ will dissolve in water at three different pH levels: pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10. This calculation assumes a steady-state environment, with constant atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) and a temperature of 298 Kelvin (approximately 25°C). **Points to Consider:** 1. **Understanding Gas Solubility:** Solubility of gases like CO₂ in water is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the pH of the solution. Henry's law often helps with calculating the solubility of gases. 2. **Henry's Law Constant:** Calculating the dissolved concentration might require using Henry's law, which relates the concentration of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure above the liquid, through the Henry's law constant. 3. **Effect of pH:** The pH affects the forms of dissolved CO₂, which can be present as carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), or carbonate (CO₃²⁻). The dominant species depend on the pH level of the solution. 4. **Assumptions:** - The system is in equilibrium, implying that the CO₂ has fully dissolved to its maximum capacity at the given conditions. - The temperature and pressure conditions remain constant throughout the experiment. --- **Note:** This exercise emphasizes the importance of environmental conditions in determining the solubility of gases in water, a concept widely applicable in environmental and chemical engineering studies.
Transcribed Image Text:**Text Transcription for Educational Website:** --- **Topic: Calculation of Dissolved CO₂ in Water** CO₂ concentration is 440 ppm in the atmosphere. How much CO₂ is dissolved in water (in terms of mg/L) when pH=4, 7, and 10? Assume steady-state, atmospheric pressure at 1 atm and temperature at 298 K. --- **Explanation:** This text discusses the dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in water under specific environmental conditions. Given an atmospheric CO₂ concentration of 440 parts per million (ppm), the task is to calculate how much CO₂ will dissolve in water at three different pH levels: pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10. This calculation assumes a steady-state environment, with constant atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) and a temperature of 298 Kelvin (approximately 25°C). **Points to Consider:** 1. **Understanding Gas Solubility:** Solubility of gases like CO₂ in water is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the pH of the solution. Henry's law often helps with calculating the solubility of gases. 2. **Henry's Law Constant:** Calculating the dissolved concentration might require using Henry's law, which relates the concentration of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure above the liquid, through the Henry's law constant. 3. **Effect of pH:** The pH affects the forms of dissolved CO₂, which can be present as carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), or carbonate (CO₃²⁻). The dominant species depend on the pH level of the solution. 4. **Assumptions:** - The system is in equilibrium, implying that the CO₂ has fully dissolved to its maximum capacity at the given conditions. - The temperature and pressure conditions remain constant throughout the experiment. --- **Note:** This exercise emphasizes the importance of environmental conditions in determining the solubility of gases in water, a concept widely applicable in environmental and chemical engineering studies.
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