Clifford Adelman, a researcher with the Department of Education, followed a group of students who graduated from high school in 1992. He monitored the progress the students made toward completing a bachelor's degree. One aspect of his research was to determine whether students who first attended community college took longer to attain a bachelor's degree than those who immediately attended and remained at a 4- year institution. Community 4 year College institution Sample size 268 1,145 Mean time to graduate (in 5.43 4.43 years) Standard deviation time 1.162 1.015 to graduate (in years)

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### Investigating the Time to Attain a Bachelor's Degree: Community College Transfer Students

### Research Question
Does the evidence suggest that community college transfer students take **longer** to attain a bachelor’s degree? Use a significance level of 0.01.

### Methodology: Structured Approach Guide

#### P - Parameter Statement
Define the population parameters involved in the study.

#### H - Hypotheses
Construct the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) for the research question.

#### A - Assumptions & Conditions
Identify and validate the assumptions and conditions that must be met for the statistical tests being used.

#### N - Name the Test
Specify the statistical test that will be conducted to examine the hypotheses.

#### T - Test Statistic
Calculate the test statistic that allows you to determine the relationship between the data and the hypotheses.

#### O - Obtain the P-Value
Obtain the p-value associated with the test statistic. This p-value helps in making a decision regarding the null hypothesis.

#### M - Make a Decision about the Null Hypothesis
Based on the p-value and the significance level, make a decision to either reject or not reject the null hypothesis.

#### S - State Your Conclusion About the Claim
Clearly state the conclusion about the claim concerning the time required for community college transfer students to attain a bachelor’s degree.

---

This structured approach will guide your analysis and ensure a comprehensive examination of whether community college transfer students take longer to complete their bachelor's degrees compared to non-transfer students, adhering to the significance level of 0.01.
Transcribed Image Text:### Investigating the Time to Attain a Bachelor's Degree: Community College Transfer Students ### Research Question Does the evidence suggest that community college transfer students take **longer** to attain a bachelor’s degree? Use a significance level of 0.01. ### Methodology: Structured Approach Guide #### P - Parameter Statement Define the population parameters involved in the study. #### H - Hypotheses Construct the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) for the research question. #### A - Assumptions & Conditions Identify and validate the assumptions and conditions that must be met for the statistical tests being used. #### N - Name the Test Specify the statistical test that will be conducted to examine the hypotheses. #### T - Test Statistic Calculate the test statistic that allows you to determine the relationship between the data and the hypotheses. #### O - Obtain the P-Value Obtain the p-value associated with the test statistic. This p-value helps in making a decision regarding the null hypothesis. #### M - Make a Decision about the Null Hypothesis Based on the p-value and the significance level, make a decision to either reject or not reject the null hypothesis. #### S - State Your Conclusion About the Claim Clearly state the conclusion about the claim concerning the time required for community college transfer students to attain a bachelor’s degree. --- This structured approach will guide your analysis and ensure a comprehensive examination of whether community college transfer students take longer to complete their bachelor's degrees compared to non-transfer students, adhering to the significance level of 0.01.
**Educational Research Analysis: Time to Graduate for Community College and 4-Year Institution Students**

Clifford Adelman, a researcher with the Department of Education, conducted a longitudinal study on a cohort of students who graduated from high school in 1992. His research aimed to monitor the progress of these students towards completing a bachelor's degree. A key focus of this study was to examine whether students who began their higher education at a community college took longer to earn a bachelor's degree compared to those who immediately enrolled and stayed at a 4-year institution.

**Research Findings Summary:**

|                         | Community College | 4-Year Institution |
|-------------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| **Sample Size**         | 268               | 1,145             |
| **Mean Time to Graduate (in years)** | 5.43              | 4.43              |
| **Standard Deviation of Time to Graduate (in years)** | 1.162             | 1.015             |

**Analysis:**
- **Sample Size**: The study included 268 students who attended community college and 1,145 students who attended a 4-year institution.
- **Mean Time to Graduate**: On average, students who started at a community college took 5.43 years to graduate, whereas those who enrolled directly in a 4-year institution took 4.43 years to complete their degree.
- **Standard Deviation**: The variability in graduation time was slightly higher for community college students (1.162 years) compared to students at 4-year institutions (1.015 years).

**Interpretation:**
This data suggests that students who begin their education at a community college generally take about one year longer to graduate with a bachelor's degree compared to their peers who start and remain at a 4-year institution. The slightly higher standard deviation in the community college group indicates a broader range of completion times among these students.

This analysis highlights important considerations for educational planning and advising, particularly for students considering starting their higher education at a community college.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Research Analysis: Time to Graduate for Community College and 4-Year Institution Students** Clifford Adelman, a researcher with the Department of Education, conducted a longitudinal study on a cohort of students who graduated from high school in 1992. His research aimed to monitor the progress of these students towards completing a bachelor's degree. A key focus of this study was to examine whether students who began their higher education at a community college took longer to earn a bachelor's degree compared to those who immediately enrolled and stayed at a 4-year institution. **Research Findings Summary:** | | Community College | 4-Year Institution | |-------------------------|-------------------|-------------------| | **Sample Size** | 268 | 1,145 | | **Mean Time to Graduate (in years)** | 5.43 | 4.43 | | **Standard Deviation of Time to Graduate (in years)** | 1.162 | 1.015 | **Analysis:** - **Sample Size**: The study included 268 students who attended community college and 1,145 students who attended a 4-year institution. - **Mean Time to Graduate**: On average, students who started at a community college took 5.43 years to graduate, whereas those who enrolled directly in a 4-year institution took 4.43 years to complete their degree. - **Standard Deviation**: The variability in graduation time was slightly higher for community college students (1.162 years) compared to students at 4-year institutions (1.015 years). **Interpretation:** This data suggests that students who begin their education at a community college generally take about one year longer to graduate with a bachelor's degree compared to their peers who start and remain at a 4-year institution. The slightly higher standard deviation in the community college group indicates a broader range of completion times among these students. This analysis highlights important considerations for educational planning and advising, particularly for students considering starting their higher education at a community college.
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