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Classifying Bones by Shape Identify on the articulated skeleton each of the bones in the chart at right. In the space provided, write (1) its name, (2) whether it belongs to the axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular skeleton (AP), and (3) its shape (either long, short, flat, iregu- lar, or sesamoid). The first bone has been completed as CHART an example.

Classifying Bones by Shape Identify on the articulated skeleton each of the bones in the chart at right. In the space provided, write (1) its name, (2) whether it belongs to the axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular skeleton (AP), and (3) its shape (either long, short, flat, iregu- lar, or sesamoid). The first bone has been completed as CHART an example.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Classifying and identifying bones and bone markings
**Activity 2: Classifying and Identifying Bones and Bone Markings** **Learning Outcomes** 1. Identify the major bones of the skeleton and classify each bone according to shape. 2. Recognize and define various bone markings. 3. Identify disarticulated bones by touch only, and justify your identification based on bone size, shape, and markings. **Materials Needed** - Articulated skeleton - Labeling tape - Markers - Bag of disarticulated bones **Instructions** **A. Classifying Bones by Shape** 1. **CHART:** Identify on the articulated skeleton each of the bones in the chart at right. In the space provided, write (1) its name, (2) whether it belongs to the axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular skeleton (AP), and (3) its shape (either long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid). The first bone has been completed as an example. 2. Next, copy your three-part identification of the bone onto a piece of labeling tape and stick the tape onto the appropriate bone. **B. Examining Bone Markings** 1. Locate a coxal bone, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Crest: _______________ - Tuberosity: _______________ - Spine: _______________ 2. Locate a vertebra, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Process: _______________ - Facet: _______________ - Foramen: _______________ 3. Locate a mandible, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Condyle: _______________ - Notch: _______________ - Ramus: _______________ **Chart Explanation** - **Bone Classification Table:** - The table lists various bones with spaces to label them with their classification based on the skeleton type (axial or appendicular) and shape (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid). One example is provided: - Carpal bone is labeled as "carpal bone / AP / short". **Page Information** - This is Unit 8: Introduction to the Skeletal System, found on page 135.
Transcribed Image Text:**Activity 2: Classifying and Identifying Bones and Bone Markings** **Learning Outcomes** 1. Identify the major bones of the skeleton and classify each bone according to shape. 2. Recognize and define various bone markings. 3. Identify disarticulated bones by touch only, and justify your identification based on bone size, shape, and markings. **Materials Needed** - Articulated skeleton - Labeling tape - Markers - Bag of disarticulated bones **Instructions** **A. Classifying Bones by Shape** 1. **CHART:** Identify on the articulated skeleton each of the bones in the chart at right. In the space provided, write (1) its name, (2) whether it belongs to the axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular skeleton (AP), and (3) its shape (either long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid). The first bone has been completed as an example. 2. Next, copy your three-part identification of the bone onto a piece of labeling tape and stick the tape onto the appropriate bone. **B. Examining Bone Markings** 1. Locate a coxal bone, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Crest: _______________ - Tuberosity: _______________ - Spine: _______________ 2. Locate a vertebra, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Process: _______________ - Facet: _______________ - Foramen: _______________ 3. Locate a mandible, identify each of the following bone markings, and then predict a function for each marking. - Condyle: _______________ - Notch: _______________ - Ramus: _______________ **Chart Explanation** - **Bone Classification Table:** - The table lists various bones with spaces to label them with their classification based on the skeleton type (axial or appendicular) and shape (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid). One example is provided: - Carpal bone is labeled as "carpal bone / AP / short". **Page Information** - This is Unit 8: Introduction to the Skeletal System, found on page 135.
### Educational Website Content: Introduction to the Skeletal System #### Key Terms 1. **Lacuna** *(Space for definition)* 2. **Canaliculus** *(Space for definition)* 3. **Interstitial lamella** *(Space for definition)* 4. **Concentric lamella** *(Space for definition)* 5. **Perforating canal** *(Space for definition)* #### Examination Activity 2. Examine a prepared slide or photomicrograph of compact bone under low power. Then, draw an osteon within the circle provided. Label the following structures in your drawing: central canal, lacuna, canaliculus, and lamella. - **Total magnification:** _____x - **Questions:** - Which cells are housed in the lacunae? *(Space for answer)* - Which structures are housed in the canaliculi? *(Space for answer)* #### Osteocytes Survival - **Question:** Given that oxygen and nutrients are unable to diffuse through the hardened, mineralized extracellular matrix of compact bone, how do osteocytes survive? *(Space for answer)* #### Spongy Bone Analysis 3. Examine the photomicrograph of spongy bone below and label the following structures: trabecula, endosteum, blood vessel, osteocyte in lacuna. - **Questions:** - How is spongy bone similar to compact bone? *(Space for answer)* - How is spongy bone different from compact bone? *(Space for answer)* #### Chemical Composition of Bone Bone contains both inorganic and organic components. Sixty-five percent of bone tissue consists of an **inorganic extracellular matrix** made of mineral salts, or hydroxyapatite crystals (hy-drok’-see-AP-ah-tyt), predominantly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. These mineral salts give bone its exceptional hardness and enable it to resist compression. --- This text and exercise are designed to enhance understanding of bone structure and composition as part of an introductory unit on the skeletal system.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Website Content: Introduction to the Skeletal System #### Key Terms 1. **Lacuna** *(Space for definition)* 2. **Canaliculus** *(Space for definition)* 3. **Interstitial lamella** *(Space for definition)* 4. **Concentric lamella** *(Space for definition)* 5. **Perforating canal** *(Space for definition)* #### Examination Activity 2. Examine a prepared slide or photomicrograph of compact bone under low power. Then, draw an osteon within the circle provided. Label the following structures in your drawing: central canal, lacuna, canaliculus, and lamella. - **Total magnification:** _____x - **Questions:** - Which cells are housed in the lacunae? *(Space for answer)* - Which structures are housed in the canaliculi? *(Space for answer)* #### Osteocytes Survival - **Question:** Given that oxygen and nutrients are unable to diffuse through the hardened, mineralized extracellular matrix of compact bone, how do osteocytes survive? *(Space for answer)* #### Spongy Bone Analysis 3. Examine the photomicrograph of spongy bone below and label the following structures: trabecula, endosteum, blood vessel, osteocyte in lacuna. - **Questions:** - How is spongy bone similar to compact bone? *(Space for answer)* - How is spongy bone different from compact bone? *(Space for answer)* #### Chemical Composition of Bone Bone contains both inorganic and organic components. Sixty-five percent of bone tissue consists of an **inorganic extracellular matrix** made of mineral salts, or hydroxyapatite crystals (hy-drok’-see-AP-ah-tyt), predominantly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. These mineral salts give bone its exceptional hardness and enable it to resist compression. --- This text and exercise are designed to enhance understanding of bone structure and composition as part of an introductory unit on the skeletal system.
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