Classify each situation by the equation that would quantify it. A. A container of ammonia cleaner is stored in the janitor's closet off a lecture hall after being used at night for cleaning. The container has a very small hole in the lid. The next morning the entire lecture hall smells of ammonia. How would you calculate the speed of the ammonia molecules as they move out into the lecture hall? B. The pressure on a tire pump is read. The handle of the pump is pushed down as far as possible. The reading of the pressure on the gauge is taken again. How would you calculate the final pressure? C. The burner under a hot air balloon is ignited and the balloon expands. How would you calculate the expanded volume of the balloon? k ined guide to produno nitrogongar. How would you calculate how much sodium
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![Classify each situation by the equation that would quantify it.
A. A container of ammonia cleaner is stored in the janitor's closet off a lecture hall after being used at night for cleaning. The container has a very small hole in the lid. The
next morning the entire lecture hall smells of ammonia. How would you calculate the speed of the ammonia molecules as they move out into the lecture hall?
B. The pressure on a tire pump is read. The handle of the pump is pushed down as far as possible. The reading of the pressure on the gauge is taken again. How would
you calculate the final pressure?
C. The burner under a hot air balloon is ignited and the balloon expands. How would you calculate the expanded volume of the balloon?
D. A front-end collision causes the air bag in an automobile to deploy by the reaction of sodium azide to produce nitrogen gas. How would you calculate how much sodium
azide is needed to fill a standard size bag with nitrogen under STP conditions?
E. Aerosol cans have
label that warns the user not to use them above a certain temperature and not to dispose of them by incineration. Even an empty can contains
residual gaseous propellant. If the residual pressure in the can is 1.31 atm when it is sitting on a shelf near a furnace, how could you calculate the pressure when the can
is placed on top of the furnace where the temperature reaches the boiling point of water?
F. In an automobile engine, at the end of the upstroke the piston is at its maximum height in a cylinder of exact dimensions. At this time, a precisely measured mixture of fuel
and oxidant ignites to form gaseous products. If the ignition temperature is known, how could you calculate the pressure inside the cylinder just before the piston moves
downward?
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P₁V₁= P₂V₂
10 =
3RT
M
T₁
V₁
B
C D E F
PV = nRT
Reset
R = 22
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![P₁V₁= P₂V₂
Submit
Part B
μA
12 =
Value
1/2 = 10/12/2
PV=nRT
TO
3RT
Units
M
ABODER
P₁
Ti
Aerosol cans have a label that warns the user not to use them above a certain temperature and not to dispose of them by incineration. Even an empty can contains residual gaseous
propellant. For example, the residual pressure in a can is 1.31 atm when it is sitting on a shelf at 23 °C. If the can is placed on top of the furnace where the temperature reaches the
boiling point of water, what is the pressure inside the can?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
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?
||
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